Die Physiologie des Implantationsprozesses

Zusammenfassung Die Implantation der Blastozyste ist ein komplexer Prozess, auf den der Embryo und das Endometrium zum korrekten Zeitpunkt vorbereitet sein müssen. Die Implantation des menschlichen Embryos lässt sich aus ethischen Gründen in vivo kaum untersuchen. Erkenntnisse aus Tiermodellen sind...

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Published inGynäkologische Endokrinologie Vol. 22; no. 2; pp. 95 - 101
Main Authors Huber, Maria T., Markert, Udo R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageGerman
Published Heidelberg Springer Medizin 01.05.2024
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN1610-2894
1610-2908
DOI10.1007/s10304-024-00563-4

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Abstract Zusammenfassung Die Implantation der Blastozyste ist ein komplexer Prozess, auf den der Embryo und das Endometrium zum korrekten Zeitpunkt vorbereitet sein müssen. Die Implantation des menschlichen Embryos lässt sich aus ethischen Gründen in vivo kaum untersuchen. Erkenntnisse aus Tiermodellen sind aufgrund deutlicher speziesbezogener Unterschiede nur sehr eingeschränkt übertragbar. Aus diesen Gründen werden zunehmend 3‑dimensionale Modelle entwickelt, in denen Trophoblastsphäroide oder embryoide Strukturen mit einer deziduaähnlichen Matrix konfrontiert werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die aktuell bekannten Faktoren und Interaktionen mit Bedeutung für die Implantation zusammengefasst, sowohl auf zellulärer als auch auf molekularer Ebene. Zunächst werden vorbereitende Prozesse im Menstruationszyklus beschrieben. Daran schließt sich eine Beschreibung relevanter Komponenten des Immunsystems an, wobei ausführlich auf die Eigenschaften und Funktionen uteriner natürlicher Killerzellen eingegangen wird. Im Weiteren wird die Rolle verschiedener molekularer Faktoren in der Implantation diskutiert (Zytokine, Wachstumsfaktoren, Zelladhäsionsmoleküle, Hormone). Perspektivisch ist damit zu rechnen, dass Studien an den oben erwähnten 3‑dimensionalen Modellen trotz aller Limitationen neue Erkenntnisse zur Embryoimplantation beim Menschen liefern werden. Dies könnte sich letztlich positiv auf die reproduktionsmedizinische Praxis auswirken.
AbstractList Zusammenfassung Die Implantation der Blastozyste ist ein komplexer Prozess, auf den der Embryo und das Endometrium zum korrekten Zeitpunkt vorbereitet sein müssen. Die Implantation des menschlichen Embryos lässt sich aus ethischen Gründen in vivo kaum untersuchen. Erkenntnisse aus Tiermodellen sind aufgrund deutlicher speziesbezogener Unterschiede nur sehr eingeschränkt übertragbar. Aus diesen Gründen werden zunehmend 3‑dimensionale Modelle entwickelt, in denen Trophoblastsphäroide oder embryoide Strukturen mit einer deziduaähnlichen Matrix konfrontiert werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die aktuell bekannten Faktoren und Interaktionen mit Bedeutung für die Implantation zusammengefasst, sowohl auf zellulärer als auch auf molekularer Ebene. Zunächst werden vorbereitende Prozesse im Menstruationszyklus beschrieben. Daran schließt sich eine Beschreibung relevanter Komponenten des Immunsystems an, wobei ausführlich auf die Eigenschaften und Funktionen uteriner natürlicher Killerzellen eingegangen wird. Im Weiteren wird die Rolle verschiedener molekularer Faktoren in der Implantation diskutiert (Zytokine, Wachstumsfaktoren, Zelladhäsionsmoleküle, Hormone). Perspektivisch ist damit zu rechnen, dass Studien an den oben erwähnten 3‑dimensionalen Modellen trotz aller Limitationen neue Erkenntnisse zur Embryoimplantation beim Menschen liefern werden. Dies könnte sich letztlich positiv auf die reproduktionsmedizinische Praxis auswirken.
ZusammenfassungDie Implantation der Blastozyste ist ein komplexer Prozess, auf den der Embryo und das Endometrium zum korrekten Zeitpunkt vorbereitet sein müssen. Die Implantation des menschlichen Embryos lässt sich aus ethischen Gründen in vivo kaum untersuchen. Erkenntnisse aus Tiermodellen sind aufgrund deutlicher speziesbezogener Unterschiede nur sehr eingeschränkt übertragbar. Aus diesen Gründen werden zunehmend 3‑dimensionale Modelle entwickelt, in denen Trophoblastsphäroide oder embryoide Strukturen mit einer deziduaähnlichen Matrix konfrontiert werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die aktuell bekannten Faktoren und Interaktionen mit Bedeutung für die Implantation zusammengefasst, sowohl auf zellulärer als auch auf molekularer Ebene. Zunächst werden vorbereitende Prozesse im Menstruationszyklus beschrieben. Daran schließt sich eine Beschreibung relevanter Komponenten des Immunsystems an, wobei ausführlich auf die Eigenschaften und Funktionen uteriner natürlicher Killerzellen eingegangen wird. Im Weiteren wird die Rolle verschiedener molekularer Faktoren in der Implantation diskutiert (Zytokine, Wachstumsfaktoren, Zelladhäsionsmoleküle, Hormone). Perspektivisch ist damit zu rechnen, dass Studien an den oben erwähnten 3‑dimensionalen Modellen trotz aller Limitationen neue Erkenntnisse zur Embryoimplantation beim Menschen liefern werden. Dies könnte sich letztlich positiv auf die reproduktionsmedizinische Praxis auswirken.
Author Huber, Maria T.
Markert, Udo R.
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  givenname: Udo R.
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Keywords Zytokine
Uterus
Cytokines
Menstrual cycle
Natural killer cells
Endometrium
Menstruationszyklus
Natürliche Killerzellen
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Snippet Zusammenfassung Die Implantation der Blastozyste ist ein komplexer Prozess, auf den der Embryo und das Endometrium zum korrekten Zeitpunkt vorbereitet sein...
ZusammenfassungDie Implantation der Blastozyste ist ein komplexer Prozess, auf den der Embryo und das Endometrium zum korrekten Zeitpunkt vorbereitet sein...
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SubjectTerms Embryos
Endocrinology
Endometrium
Gynecology
Leitthema
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Reproductive Medicine
Title Die Physiologie des Implantationsprozesses
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