Neuropathies sensitives des petites fibres : intérêt des potentiels évoqués laser

L’exploration des neuropathies sensitives à petite fibres (NSPF) nécessite l’utilisation de techniques spécifiques. À la différence de l’exploration quantifiée de la sensibilité thermique qui reste subjective, les potentiels évoqués laser (PEL) permettent d’étudier spécifiquement et de façon objecti...

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Published inRevue neurologique Vol. 167; no. 1; pp. 40 - 45
Main Authors Créac’h, C., Convers, P., Robert, F., Antoine, J.-C., Camdessanche, J.-P.
Format Journal Article Conference Proceeding
LanguageFrench
Published Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 2011
Masson
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0035-3787
DOI10.1016/j.neurol.2010.08.011

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Abstract L’exploration des neuropathies sensitives à petite fibres (NSPF) nécessite l’utilisation de techniques spécifiques. À la différence de l’exploration quantifiée de la sensibilité thermique qui reste subjective, les potentiels évoqués laser (PEL) permettent d’étudier spécifiquement et de façon objective les fibres sensitives de petit calibre. L’exploration des fibres C par les PEL est possible mais pose encore de nombreux problèmes méthodologiques ; seule l’exploration des fibres A delta est effectuée en routine. En pratique, l’étude des seuils perceptifs et nociceptifs, l’analyse des latences et surtout des amplitudes des PEL permettent d’objectiver une atteinte des fibres A delta, de la quantifier et d’en déterminer l’extension (gradient distal/proximal). L’amplitude des PEL est corrélée à la perception de la douleur générée par le laser et au degré de déafférentation. L’intérêt et la sensibilité des PEN reste enfin à établir par rapport aux biopsies cutanées. Standard neurophysiological techniques evaluate exclusively large myelinated fibers, but are not useful to explore sensory small fibers. Quantitative sensory tests have been developed to explore the thermal nociceptive function but this exploration is only subjective. Laser evoked potentials (LEPs) represent a noninvasive and objective test to explore thermal and nociceptive pathways. The clinical interest of LEPs have been assessed recently in the diagnosis of small fibers sensory neuropathies. In routine, the determination of detection and nociceptive thresholds, the analysis of N2P2 latencies and amplitudes enable demonstration of a dysfunction of A delta nerve fibers, to quantify these lesions and to determine whether the neuropathies are length-dependent or not. The LEP amplitude is negatively correlated to deafferentation. The interest of LEPs remained to be studied compared to skin biopsy.
AbstractList L’exploration des neuropathies sensitives à petite fibres (NSPF) nécessite l’utilisation de techniques spécifiques. À la différence de l’exploration quantifiée de la sensibilité thermique qui reste subjective, les potentiels évoqués laser (PEL) permettent d’étudier spécifiquement et de façon objective les fibres sensitives de petit calibre. L’exploration des fibres C par les PEL est possible mais pose encore de nombreux problèmes méthodologiques ; seule l’exploration des fibres A delta est effectuée en routine. En pratique, l’étude des seuils perceptifs et nociceptifs, l’analyse des latences et surtout des amplitudes des PEL permettent d’objectiver une atteinte des fibres A delta, de la quantifier et d’en déterminer l’extension (gradient distal/proximal). L’amplitude des PEL est corrélée à la perception de la douleur générée par le laser et au degré de déafférentation. L’intérêt et la sensibilité des PEN reste enfin à établir par rapport aux biopsies cutanées. Standard neurophysiological techniques evaluate exclusively large myelinated fibers, but are not useful to explore sensory small fibers. Quantitative sensory tests have been developed to explore the thermal nociceptive function but this exploration is only subjective. Laser evoked potentials (LEPs) represent a noninvasive and objective test to explore thermal and nociceptive pathways. The clinical interest of LEPs have been assessed recently in the diagnosis of small fibers sensory neuropathies. In routine, the determination of detection and nociceptive thresholds, the analysis of N2P2 latencies and amplitudes enable demonstration of a dysfunction of A delta nerve fibers, to quantify these lesions and to determine whether the neuropathies are length-dependent or not. The LEP amplitude is negatively correlated to deafferentation. The interest of LEPs remained to be studied compared to skin biopsy.
Author Antoine, J.-C.
Convers, P.
Créac’h, C.
Robert, F.
Camdessanche, J.-P.
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Issue 1
Keywords Fibres A delta
Douleur
PEL
Potentiels évoqués laser
Small fiber neuropathy
Electrophysiology
Neuropathie sensitive des petites fibres
Laser evoked potentials
Neuropathie sensitive des petites
fibres
Pathologie du système nerveux
Laser
Neuropathie
Potentiel évoqué
Electrophysiologie
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Snippet L’exploration des neuropathies sensitives à petite fibres (NSPF) nécessite l’utilisation de techniques spécifiques. À la différence de l’exploration quantifiée...
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SubjectTerms Douleur
Electrophysiology
Fibres A delta
Laser evoked potentials
Nerfs crâniens. Racines rachidiennes. Nerfs périphériques. Système nerveux autonome. Goût. Odorat
Neurologie
Neuropathie sensitive des petites fibres
PEL
Potentiels évoqués laser
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences medicales
Small fiber neuropathy
Système nerveux (sémiologie, syndromes)
Title Neuropathies sensitives des petites fibres : intérêt des potentiels évoqués laser
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2010.08.011
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