La lucha por el territorio mapuche en Chile: una cuestión de pobreza y medio ambiente
El actual conflicto entre el Estado de Chile y el pueblo mapuche tiene como eje la disputa por territorios indígenas, cuya pérdida significó destinar a las comunidades originarias a la pobreza. Además, la propiedad de éstos en manos de empresas extractivas ha implicado graves daños ambientales. Dada...
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Published in | L'Ordinaire des Amériques Vol. 225 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Institut Pluridisciplinaire pour les Etudes sur l'Amérique Latine
01.12.2019
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 2273-0095 2273-0095 |
DOI | 10.4000/orda.5132 |
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Abstract | El actual conflicto entre el Estado de Chile y el pueblo mapuche tiene como eje la disputa por territorios indígenas, cuya pérdida significó destinar a las comunidades originarias a la pobreza. Además, la propiedad de éstos en manos de empresas extractivas ha implicado graves daños ambientales. Dada la especial relación de los nativos con su territorio y su relación armónica con la naturaleza, la opinión que tienen sobre su administración es fundamental. Sin embargo, Chile no sólo ha fallado en el reconocimiento de los derechos territoriales de los mapuche, sino que tampoco garantiza su participación efectiva cuando estos espacios son afectados, como se observa en la legislación sobre consulta previa de los pueblos originarios. Desigualdades socioeconómicas y territoriales se entrelazan así, en las falencias del Estado en la protección de los derechos indígenas y también del medio ambiente.
Le conflit actuel entre l’Etat du Chili et le peuple mapuche a comme axe central la dispute pour les territoires indigènes, dont la perte a conduit les communautés natives à la pauvreté. Par ailleurs, l’appropriation de ces terrains par des entreprises d’extraction des ressources naturelles a généré de graves dégâts à l’environnement. Etant donné le rapport particulier des natifs avec leur territoire et leur relation harmonieuse avec la nature, leur avis sur son administration est fondamental. Cependant non seulement le Chili a échoué dans la reconnaissance des droits territoriaux des mapuches, mais il ne garantit pas non plus leur participation effective quand ces espaces se voient dégradés, ce qu’on peut observer clairement dans la législation sur la consultation préalable des peuples autochtones. Des inégalités socio-économiques et territoriales s’entrelacent ainsi avec les défaillances de l’Etat dans la protection des droits indigènes et de l’environnement.
The core subject in the current conflict between the Chilean State and the mapuche people, is the dispute over indigenous territories, the loss of which destined native communities to poverty. The fact that some enterprises dedicated to the extraction of natural resources own these territories, has also brought serious environmental damages. Given the special relation of aborigines with their territory and their harmonious connection with nature, their opinion about its administration is fundamental. Nevertheless, Chile not only has failed in the recognition of the territorial rights of the mapuche, but neither guarantees their effective participation when these spaces are affected. Socioeconomic and territorial inequalities are therefore intertwined, in the State’s lack of protection of indigenous rights and also of the environment. |
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AbstractList | El actual conflicto entre el Estado de Chile y el pueblo mapuche tiene como eje la disputa por territorios indígenas, cuya pérdida significó destinar a las comunidades originarias a la pobreza. Además, la propiedad de éstos en manos de empresas extractivas ha implicado graves daños ambientales. Dada la especial relación de los nativos con su territorio y su relación armónica con la naturaleza, la opinión que tienen sobre su administración es fundamental. Sin embargo, Chile no sólo ha fallado en el reconocimiento de los derechos territoriales de los mapuche, sino que tampoco garantiza su participación efectiva cuando estos espacios son afectados, como se observa en la legislación sobre consulta previa de los pueblos originarios. Desigualdades socioeconómicas y territoriales se entrelazan así, en las falencias del Estado en la protección de los derechos indígenas y también del medio ambiente.
Le conflit actuel entre l’Etat du Chili et le peuple mapuche a comme axe central la dispute pour les territoires indigènes, dont la perte a conduit les communautés natives à la pauvreté. Par ailleurs, l’appropriation de ces terrains par des entreprises d’extraction des ressources naturelles a généré de graves dégâts à l’environnement. Etant donné le rapport particulier des natifs avec leur territoire et leur relation harmonieuse avec la nature, leur avis sur son administration est fondamental. Cependant non seulement le Chili a échoué dans la reconnaissance des droits territoriaux des mapuches, mais il ne garantit pas non plus leur participation effective quand ces espaces se voient dégradés, ce qu’on peut observer clairement dans la législation sur la consultation préalable des peuples autochtones. Des inégalités socio-économiques et territoriales s’entrelacent ainsi avec les défaillances de l’Etat dans la protection des droits indigènes et de l’environnement.
The core subject in the current conflict between the Chilean State and the mapuche people, is the dispute over indigenous territories, the loss of which destined native communities to poverty. The fact that some enterprises dedicated to the extraction of natural resources own these territories, has also brought serious environmental damages. Given the special relation of aborigines with their territory and their harmonious connection with nature, their opinion about its administration is fundamental. Nevertheless, Chile not only has failed in the recognition of the territorial rights of the mapuche, but neither guarantees their effective participation when these spaces are affected. Socioeconomic and territorial inequalities are therefore intertwined, in the State’s lack of protection of indigenous rights and also of the environment. The core subject in the current conflict between the Chilean State and the mapuche people, is the dispute over indigenous territories, the loss of which destined native communities to poverty. The fact that some enterprises dedicated to the extraction of natural resources own these territories, has also brought serious environmental damages. Given the special relation of aborigines with their territory and their harmonious connection with nature, their opinion about its administration is fundamental. Nevertheless, Chile not only has failed in the recognition of the territorial rights of the mapuche, but neither guarantees their effective participation when these spaces are affected. Socioeconomic and territorial inequalities are therefore intertwined, in the State’s lack of protection of indigenous rights and also of the environment. |
Author | Andrade, María José |
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