A Method for Evaluating the T2∗-weighting Effect in MRI
Purpose: To propose a method for evaluating the T2*-weighting effect in MRI. Methods: Multiple solutions with different concentrations of a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent were made and their signal intensities on T2*-weighted images were measured. The relationship between iron concentra...
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| Published in | Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology Vol. 78; no. 4; pp. 357 - 363 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
Kyoto
Japanese Society of Radiological Technology
01.01.2022
Japan Science and Technology Agency |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0369-4305 1881-4883 |
| DOI | 10.6009/jjrt.2022-1189 |
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| Abstract | Purpose: To propose a method for evaluating the T2*-weighting effect in MRI. Methods: Multiple solutions with different concentrations of a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent were made and their signal intensities on T2*-weighted images were measured. The relationship between iron concentration and signal intensity was determined, and we simulated an iron concentration map representing a simplified model of a brain microbleed and converted the pixel values in the map to signal intensity based on the determined relationship, generating a simulated T2*-weighted image. An ‘S-value’ parameter was defined to evaluate the low-intensity regions in the simulated image. S-values were obtained using T2*-weighted sequences acquired with different echo time (TE) values on three MRI scanners (Philips 1.5 T, GE 3.0 T, and Siemens 3.0 T). Another parameter (A-value) defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-F2119) for assessing artifacts was applied to evaluate the weighting effect in the T2*-weighted image of a laboratory-made susceptibility-effect phantom. Results: With all three scanners, the S-values increased as the TE increased, indicating enhancement of the T2*-weighting effect. For every TE, the S-values obtained for the Philips scanner were the largest, followed by those for the GE and Siemens scanners. The results of this comparative evaluation were similar to those obtained using A-values. Conclusion: Comparisons with the established A-value parameter showed our proposed method for the quantitative evaluation of the T2*-weighting effect using S-values to be valid. The proposed method has the advantage that the S-values do not depend on a specific susceptibility-effect phantom. |
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| AbstractList | Purpose: To propose a method for evaluating the T2*-weighting effect in MRI. Methods: Multiple solutions with different concentrations of a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent were made and their signal intensities on T2*-weighted images were measured. The relationship between iron concentration and signal intensity was determined, and we simulated an iron concentration map representing a simplified model of a brain microbleed and converted the pixel values in the map to signal intensity based on the determined relationship, generating a simulated T2*-weighted image. An ‘S-value’ parameter was defined to evaluate the low-intensity regions in the simulated image. S-values were obtained using T2*-weighted sequences acquired with different echo time (TE) values on three MRI scanners (Philips 1.5 T, GE 3.0 T, and Siemens 3.0 T). Another parameter (A-value) defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-F2119) for assessing artifacts was applied to evaluate the weighting effect in the T2*-weighted image of a laboratory-made susceptibility-effect phantom. Results: With all three scanners, the S-values increased as the TE increased, indicating enhancement of the T2*-weighting effect. For every TE, the S-values obtained for the Philips scanner were the largest, followed by those for the GE and Siemens scanners. The results of this comparative evaluation were similar to those obtained using A-values. Conclusion: Comparisons with the established A-value parameter showed our proposed method for the quantitative evaluation of the T2*-weighting effect using S-values to be valid. The proposed method has the advantage that the S-values do not depend on a specific susceptibility-effect phantom. |
| ArticleNumber | 2022-1189 |
| Author | Saito, Hiroaki Ohkubo, Masaki Kanazawa, Tsutomu Yagi, Yuta |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Saito, Hiroaki organization: Division of Radiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital – sequence: 1 fullname: Ohkubo, Masaki organization: Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University – sequence: 1 fullname: Yagi, Yuta organization: Division of Radiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital – sequence: 1 fullname: Kanazawa, Tsutomu organization: Division of Radiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199904)9:4<531::AID-JMRI4>3.0.CO;2-L 10.1148/rg.295095034 10.1161/01.STR.0000199847.96188.12 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.017 10.1016/B978-012092861-3/50021-2 10.6009/jjrt.63.1093 10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0764 10.1148/radiology.168.3.3406410 10.3995/jstroke.10390 10.1093/brain/awl387 10.1016/j.crad.2010.01.004 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70013-4 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.001 10.1007/s003300050789 10.3174/ajnr.A0908 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2006.00070.x |
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| References | 17） Tatsumi S, Ayaki T, Shinohara M, et al. Type of gradient recalled-echo sequence results in size and number change of cerebral microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29(4): e13. 13） Werring DJ. Cerebral microbleeds: clinical and pathophysiological significance. J Neuroimaging 2007; 17(3): 193–203. 3） Stark DD, Bradley WG Jr. 5 Image Contrast and Noise. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2nd ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 1992: 129–35. 4） 巨瀬勝美．6.2高速勾配エコー法．NMRイメージング．共立出版，東京，2004: 123–31. 21） 綾部佑介，濱本耕平，池田欣正，他．体幹部MRAにおける金属塞栓物質の磁化率アーチファクトの影響の比較．日放技学誌2019; 75(5): 460–467. 5） Nitz WR, Reimer P. Contrast mechanisms in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 1999; 9(6): 1032–1046. 16） Gregoire SM, Werring DJ, Chaudhary UJ, et al. Choice of echo time on GRE T2*-weighted MRI influences the classification of brain microbleeds. Clin Radiol 2010; 65(5): 391–394. 1） Chavhan GB, Babyn PS, Thomas B, et al. Principles, techniques, and applications of T2*-based MR imaging and its special applications. Radiographics 2009; 29(5): 1433–1449. 15） Offenbacher H, Fazekas F, Schmidt R, et al. MR of cerebral abnormalities concomitant with primary intracerebral hematomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17(3): 573–578. 6） Atlas SW, Mark AS, Grossman RI, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage: gradient-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Comparison with spin-echo imaging and clinical applications. Radiology 1988; 168(3): 803–807. 10） Igase M, Tabara Y, Igase K, et al. Asymptomatic cerebral microbleeds seen in healthy subjects have a strong association with asymptomatic lacunar infarction. Circ J 2009; 73(3): 530–533. 19） 川村拓，東直輝．磁化率強調画像における像拡大に関する検討とプロファイル評価．茨城医療大紀2017; 22: 57–63. 12） Saito T, Kawamura Y, Sato N, et al. Cerebral microbleeds remain for nine years: a prospective study with yearly magnetic resonance imaging. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27(2): 315–320. 9） Viswanathan A, Chabriat H. Cerebral microhemorrhage. Stroke 2006; 37(2): 550–555. 7） Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20(4): 637–642. 18） 太田絢子，内藤健一，大久保真樹，他．MR用簡易ファントムを用いた磁化率強調画像（Susceptibility-weighted Imaging: SWI）の基礎的検討．日放技学誌2007; 63(9): 1093–1098. 11） 仲博満．Cerebral microbleedsの成因と臨床．脳卒中2016; 38(5): 346–352. 20） Imai H, Tanaka Y, Nomura N, et al. Three-dimensional quantification of susceptibility artifacts from various metals in magnetic resonance images. Acta Biomater 2013; 9(9): 8433–8439. 22） Wansapura JP, Holland SK, Dunn RS, et al. NMR relaxation times in the human brain at 3.0 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 9(4): 531–538. 2） Bernstein MA, King KF, Zhou XJ. 14.1 Gradient Echo. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2004: 579–82. 14） Cordonnier C, Al-Shahi Salman R, Wardlaw J. Spontaneous brain microbleeds: systematic review, subgroup analyses and standards for study design and reporting. Brain 2007; 130(Pt 8): 1988–2003. 8） Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8(2): 165–174. 11 22 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 10 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: 12） Saito T, Kawamura Y, Sato N, et al. Cerebral microbleeds remain for nine years: a prospective study with yearly magnetic resonance imaging. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27(2): 315–320. – reference: 7） Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20(4): 637–642. – reference: 22） Wansapura JP, Holland SK, Dunn RS, et al. NMR relaxation times in the human brain at 3.0 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 9(4): 531–538. – reference: 9） Viswanathan A, Chabriat H. Cerebral microhemorrhage. Stroke 2006; 37(2): 550–555. – reference: 1） Chavhan GB, Babyn PS, Thomas B, et al. Principles, techniques, and applications of T2*-based MR imaging and its special applications. Radiographics 2009; 29(5): 1433–1449. – reference: 21） 綾部佑介，濱本耕平，池田欣正，他．体幹部MRAにおける金属塞栓物質の磁化率アーチファクトの影響の比較．日放技学誌2019; 75(5): 460–467. – reference: 19） 川村拓，東直輝．磁化率強調画像における像拡大に関する検討とプロファイル評価．茨城医療大紀2017; 22: 57–63. – reference: 11） 仲博満．Cerebral microbleedsの成因と臨床．脳卒中2016; 38(5): 346–352. – reference: 2） Bernstein MA, King KF, Zhou XJ. 14.1 Gradient Echo. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2004: 579–82. – reference: 10） Igase M, Tabara Y, Igase K, et al. Asymptomatic cerebral microbleeds seen in healthy subjects have a strong association with asymptomatic lacunar infarction. Circ J 2009; 73(3): 530–533. – reference: 16） Gregoire SM, Werring DJ, Chaudhary UJ, et al. Choice of echo time on GRE T2*-weighted MRI influences the classification of brain microbleeds. Clin Radiol 2010; 65(5): 391–394. – reference: 17） Tatsumi S, Ayaki T, Shinohara M, et al. Type of gradient recalled-echo sequence results in size and number change of cerebral microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29(4): e13. – reference: 18） 太田絢子，内藤健一，大久保真樹，他．MR用簡易ファントムを用いた磁化率強調画像（Susceptibility-weighted Imaging: SWI）の基礎的検討．日放技学誌2007; 63(9): 1093–1098. – reference: 13） Werring DJ. Cerebral microbleeds: clinical and pathophysiological significance. J Neuroimaging 2007; 17(3): 193–203. – reference: 5） Nitz WR, Reimer P. Contrast mechanisms in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 1999; 9(6): 1032–1046. – reference: 8） Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8(2): 165–174. – reference: 20） Imai H, Tanaka Y, Nomura N, et al. Three-dimensional quantification of susceptibility artifacts from various metals in magnetic resonance images. Acta Biomater 2013; 9(9): 8433–8439. – reference: 3） Stark DD, Bradley WG Jr. 5 Image Contrast and Noise. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2nd ed. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 1992: 129–35. – reference: 15） Offenbacher H, Fazekas F, Schmidt R, et al. MR of cerebral abnormalities concomitant with primary intracerebral hematomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17(3): 573–578. – reference: 14） Cordonnier C, Al-Shahi Salman R, Wardlaw J. Spontaneous brain microbleeds: systematic review, subgroup analyses and standards for study design and reporting. Brain 2007; 130(Pt 8): 1988–2003. – reference: 4） 巨瀬勝美．6.2高速勾配エコー法．NMRイメージング．共立出版，東京，2004: 123–31. – reference: 6） Atlas SW, Mark AS, Grossman RI, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage: gradient-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Comparison with spin-echo imaging and clinical applications. Radiology 1988; 168(3): 803–807. – ident: 22 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199904)9:4<531::AID-JMRI4>3.0.CO;2-L – ident: 1 doi: 10.1148/rg.295095034 – ident: 3 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000199847.96188.12 – ident: 4 – ident: 20 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.017 – ident: 2 doi: 10.1016/B978-012092861-3/50021-2 – ident: 18 doi: 10.6009/jjrt.63.1093 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0764 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1148/radiology.168.3.3406410 – ident: 11 doi: 10.3995/jstroke.10390 – ident: 14 doi: 10.1093/brain/awl387 – ident: 19 – ident: 16 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.01.004 – ident: 15 – ident: 8 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70013-4 – ident: 12 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.001 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1007/s003300050789 – ident: 17 doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A0908 – ident: 7 – ident: 21 – ident: 13 doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2006.00070.x |
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| Snippet | Purpose: To propose a method for evaluating the T2*-weighting effect in MRI. Methods: Multiple solutions with different concentrations of a superparamagnetic... |
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| SubjectTerms | Contrast agents Image acquisition Image contrast Iron oxides Magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Medical imaging Parameters Scanners Simulation superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) susceptibility effect T2-weighted image Weighting |
| Title | A Method for Evaluating the T2∗-weighting Effect in MRI |
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