Chilean consensus by expert panel using the Delphi technique for primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the first cause of cancer-related death in Chile and 6th in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main gastric carcinogen, and its treatment reduces GC incidence and mortality. Esophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) allows for the detectio...

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Published inGastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Vol. 47; no. 8; pp. 845 - 857
Main Authors Corsi Sotelo, Óscar, Pizarro Rojas, Margarita, Rollán Rodríguez, Antonio, Silva Figueroa, Verónica, Araya Jofré, Raúl, Bufadel Godoy, María Ester, Cortés González, Pablo, González Donoso, Robinson, Fuentes López, Eduardo, Latorre Selvat, Gonzalo, Medel-Jara, Patricio, Reyes Placencia, Diego, Pizarro Véliz, Mauricio, Garchitorena Marqués, María Jesús, Zegers Vial, María Trinidad, Crispi Galleguillos, Francisca, Espinoza, Manuel A., Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.10.2024
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2444-3824
2444-3824
DOI10.1016/j.gastre.2024.04.043

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Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is the first cause of cancer-related death in Chile and 6th in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main gastric carcinogen, and its treatment reduces GC incidence and mortality. Esophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) allows for the detection of premalignant conditions and early-stage GC. Mass screening programs for H. pylori infection and screening for premalignant conditions and early-stage GC are not currently implemented in LAC. The aim of this study is to establish recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of GC in asymptomatic standard-risk populations in Chile. Two on-line synchronous workshops and a seminar were conducted with Chilean experts. A Delphi panel consensus was conducted over 2 rounds to achieve >80% agreement on proposed primary and secondary prevention strategies for the population stratified by age groups. 10, 12, and 12 experts participated in two workshops and a seminar, respectively. In the Delphi panel, 25 out of 37 experts (77.14%) and 28 out of 52 experts (53.85%) responded. For the population aged 16–34, there was no consensus on non-invasive testing and treatment for H. pylori, and the use of EGD was excluded. For the 35–44 age group, non-invasive testing and treatment for H. pylori is recommended, followed by subsequent test-of-cure using non-invasive tests (stool antigen test or urea breath test). In the ≥45 age group, a combined strategy is recommended, involving H. pylori testing and treatment plus non-invasive biomarkers (H. pylori IgG serology and serum pepsinogens I and II); subsequently, a selected group of subjects will undergo EGD with gastric biopsies (Sydney Protocol), which will be used to stratify surveillance according to the OLGA classification (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment); every 3 years for OLGA III–IV and every 5 years for OLGA I–II. A “test-and-treat” strategy for H. pylori infection based on non-invasive studies (primary prevention) is proposed in the 35–44 age group, and a combined strategy (serology and EGD) is recommended for the ≥45 age group (primary and secondary prevention). These strategies are potentially applicable to other countries in LAC. El cáncer gástrico (CG) es la primera causa de muerte oncológica en Chile y la sexta en América Latina y el Caribe (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es el principal carcinógeno gástrico y su tratamiento reduce la incidencia y mortalidad por CG. La endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) permite la detección de condiciones premalignas y CG incipiente. No existen programas de búsqueda masiva de la infección por H. pylori ni cribado de las condiciones premalignas ni CG incipiente en LAC. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer recomendaciones para la prevención primaria y secundaria de CG en población asintomática de riesgo estándar en Chile. Se realizaron dos talleres y un seminario sincrónicos con modalidad a distancia, con expertos chilenos. Se realizó un consenso por panel Delfi de 2 rondas hasta lograr >80% de acuerdo respecto a las estrategias de prevención primaria y secundaria propuestas para la población estratificada según grupos etarios. Se realizaron 2 talleres y un seminario con participación de 10, 12 y 12 expertos, respectivamente. En el panel Delfi respondieron 25 de 37 (77,14%) y 28 de 52 expertos (53,85%). Para la población de 16–34 años no hubo consenso sobre testear y tratar de forma no invasiva para H. pylori y se descartó el uso de EDA. Entre 35–44 años se recomienda testear y tratar de forma no invasiva para H. pylori y evaluar posteriormente su erradicación con pruebas no invasivas (antígeno en deposiciones de H. pylori o prueba de aire espirado). En el grupo ≥45 años se recomienda una estrategia combinada mediante testear y tratar para H. pylori sumado a biomarcadores no invasivos (serología IgG contra H. pylori y pepsinógenos I y II séricos); luego un grupo seleccionado de sujetos, será derivado a EDA con biopsias gástricas (Protocolo Sydney), que serán utilizadas para estratificar riesgo según clasificación Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA); cada 3 años en OLGA III-IV y cada 5 años en OLGA I-II. Se propone una estrategia de testear y tratar la infección por H. pylori (prevención primaria) en base a estudios no invasivos en la población de 35-44 años y una estrategia combinada (serología y EDA) en población ≥45 años (prevención primaria y secundaria). Estas estrategias son potencialmente aplicables por otros países de LAC.
AbstractList Gastric cancer (GC) is the first cause of cancer-related death in Chile and 6th in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main gastric carcinogen, and its treatment reduces GC incidence and mortality. Esophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) allows for the detection of premalignant conditions and early-stage GC. Mass screening programs for H. pylori infection and screening for premalignant conditions and early-stage GC are not currently implemented in LAC. The aim of this study is to establish recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of GC in asymptomatic standard-risk populations in Chile. Two on-line synchronous workshops and a seminar were conducted with Chilean experts. A Delphi panel consensus was conducted over 2 rounds to achieve >80% agreement on proposed primary and secondary prevention strategies for the population stratified by age groups. 10, 12, and 12 experts participated in two workshops and a seminar, respectively. In the Delphi panel, 25 out of 37 experts (77.14%) and 28 out of 52 experts (53.85%) responded. For the population aged 16–34, there was no consensus on non-invasive testing and treatment for H. pylori, and the use of EGD was excluded. For the 35–44 age group, non-invasive testing and treatment for H. pylori is recommended, followed by subsequent test-of-cure using non-invasive tests (stool antigen test or urea breath test). In the ≥45 age group, a combined strategy is recommended, involving H. pylori testing and treatment plus non-invasive biomarkers (H. pylori IgG serology and serum pepsinogens I and II); subsequently, a selected group of subjects will undergo EGD with gastric biopsies (Sydney Protocol), which will be used to stratify surveillance according to the OLGA classification (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment); every 3 years for OLGA III–IV and every 5 years for OLGA I–II. A “test-and-treat” strategy for H. pylori infection based on non-invasive studies (primary prevention) is proposed in the 35–44 age group, and a combined strategy (serology and EGD) is recommended for the ≥45 age group (primary and secondary prevention). These strategies are potentially applicable to other countries in LAC. El cáncer gástrico (CG) es la primera causa de muerte oncológica en Chile y la sexta en América Latina y el Caribe (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es el principal carcinógeno gástrico y su tratamiento reduce la incidencia y mortalidad por CG. La endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) permite la detección de condiciones premalignas y CG incipiente. No existen programas de búsqueda masiva de la infección por H. pylori ni cribado de las condiciones premalignas ni CG incipiente en LAC. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer recomendaciones para la prevención primaria y secundaria de CG en población asintomática de riesgo estándar en Chile. Se realizaron dos talleres y un seminario sincrónicos con modalidad a distancia, con expertos chilenos. Se realizó un consenso por panel Delfi de 2 rondas hasta lograr >80% de acuerdo respecto a las estrategias de prevención primaria y secundaria propuestas para la población estratificada según grupos etarios. Se realizaron 2 talleres y un seminario con participación de 10, 12 y 12 expertos, respectivamente. En el panel Delfi respondieron 25 de 37 (77,14%) y 28 de 52 expertos (53,85%). Para la población de 16–34 años no hubo consenso sobre testear y tratar de forma no invasiva para H. pylori y se descartó el uso de EDA. Entre 35–44 años se recomienda testear y tratar de forma no invasiva para H. pylori y evaluar posteriormente su erradicación con pruebas no invasivas (antígeno en deposiciones de H. pylori o prueba de aire espirado). En el grupo ≥45 años se recomienda una estrategia combinada mediante testear y tratar para H. pylori sumado a biomarcadores no invasivos (serología IgG contra H. pylori y pepsinógenos I y II séricos); luego un grupo seleccionado de sujetos, será derivado a EDA con biopsias gástricas (Protocolo Sydney), que serán utilizadas para estratificar riesgo según clasificación Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment (OLGA); cada 3 años en OLGA III-IV y cada 5 años en OLGA I-II. Se propone una estrategia de testear y tratar la infección por H. pylori (prevención primaria) en base a estudios no invasivos en la población de 35-44 años y una estrategia combinada (serología y EDA) en población ≥45 años (prevención primaria y secundaria). Estas estrategias son potencialmente aplicables por otros países de LAC.
Author Pizarro Véliz, Mauricio
Latorre Selvat, Gonzalo
Fuentes López, Eduardo
Pizarro Rojas, Margarita
González Donoso, Robinson
Reyes Placencia, Diego
Garchitorena Marqués, María Jesús
Espinoza, Manuel A.
Bufadel Godoy, María Ester
Araya Jofré, Raúl
Corsi Sotelo, Óscar
Cortés González, Pablo
Crispi Galleguillos, Francisca
Medel-Jara, Patricio
Silva Figueroa, Verónica
Rollán Rodríguez, Antonio
Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
Zegers Vial, María Trinidad
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  surname: Fuentes López
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  givenname: Gonzalo
  surname: Latorre Selvat
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  surname: Garchitorena Marqués
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  surname: Zegers Vial
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  surname: Riquelme Pérez
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  email: a.riquelme.perez@gmail.com
  organization: Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Issue 8
Keywords Prevención primaria
Helicobacter pylori
Primary prevention
Endoscopía digestiva
Early detection of cancer
Endoscopy
Gastrointestinal
Chile
Detección precoz del cáncer
Stomach neoplasms
Cáncer gástrico
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  article-title: Cigarette smoking and gastric cancer in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) project
  publication-title: Eur J Cancer Prev
  doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000290
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Snippet Gastric cancer (GC) is the first cause of cancer-related death in Chile and 6th in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is...
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SubjectTerms Chile
Cáncer gástrico
Detección precoz del cáncer
Early detection of cancer
Endoscopy
Endoscopía digestiva
Gastrointestinal
Helicobacter pylori
Prevención primaria
Primary prevention
Stomach neoplasms
Title Chilean consensus by expert panel using the Delphi technique for primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastre.2024.04.043
Volume 47
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