Comparaison des tests intradermiques de Mantoux réalisés avec deux tuberculines chez des enfants vaccinés et non vaccinés par le BCG

L'intradermoréaction (IDR) à la tuberculine est le test le plus fiable de dépistage de la tuberculose infection chez l'enfant. Nous avons comparé les réactions obtenues avec la tuberculine Mérieux (TM) utilisée en France, à celle d'une tuberculine de référence, la RT 23 du Serumstaten...

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Published inMédecine et maladies infectieuses Vol. 25; pp. 1335 - 1339
Main Authors Haas, H., Albertini, M., Bourrier, T., Chiche, V., Dageville, C., Mariani, R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageFrench
Published Elsevier SAS 1995
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ISSN0399-077X
1769-6690
DOI10.1016/S0399-077X(05)81693-2

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Abstract L'intradermoréaction (IDR) à la tuberculine est le test le plus fiable de dépistage de la tuberculose infection chez l'enfant. Nous avons comparé les réactions obtenues avec la tuberculine Mérieux (TM) utilisée en France, à celle d'une tuberculine de référence, la RT 23 du Serumstatens Institut de Copenhague. L'étude s'est déroulée sur 2 ans, et a porté sur 92 enfants (56 garçons, 36 filles) agés de 4 mois à 15 ans 8 mois (moyenne : 61,5 mois) dont 46 sont vaccinés par le BCG, adressés dans notre service soit pour une positivité ou un virage des tests prévaccinaux soit pour une accentuation de l'allergie bécégique. Les IDR sont réalisées simultanément sur chaque avant-bras selon la technique de Mantoux avec la RT 23 (2 UT/ 0,1 ml) et la TM (10 UI/ 0,1 ml). La lecture est faite au 3e jour par la mesure du plus grand diamètre de l'induration en mm. Nos patients ont été classés en 3 catégories en fonction du diagnostic retenu : A- tuberculose latente ou patente ou chimioprévention (n = 15); B- sensibilisation aux mycobactéries non tuberculeuses (MNT) (n = 25); C- enfants n'entrant dans aucun des deux groupes précédents (n = 52). L'analyse de variance montre que quelle que soit la tuberculine utilisée, il existe une différence significative selon les groupes (p < 0,001) et que les indurations de la TM sont significativement plus grandes que celles de la RT 23 quel que soit le groupe (p < 0,001) sans interaction entre les deux paramètres considérés (p = 0,13). La vaccination par le BCG n'influence pas les résultats. Cette réactivité plus intense de la TM peut poser des problèmes d'interprétation en particulier chez les sujets non vaccinés par le BCG, dans les cas de réactions non spécifiques liées aux MNT qui correspondent à des niveaux de positivité intermédiaire de la tuberculino-réaction (entre 5 et 10 mm), avec le risque de considérer à tort un sujet comme suspect d'infection tuberculeuse et d'engager un traitement antituberculeux non justifié. The intradermal Mantoux tuberculin test is the most reliable test for the detection of tuberculous infection in children. We compared the responses to tuberculin Merieux (TM), regularly used in France, with those to tuberculin RT 23 supplied by the Serumstatens Institut, Copenhagen, a product carefully standardized in a wide range of subjects and conditions. The study was carried out within 2 years, and included 92 children (56 boys, 36 girls) aged 4 months to 15 years 8 months (mean : 61.5 months), referred to our department either for a positive tuberculin skin test and tuberculin conversion without BCG-vaccination, or an increase of post vaccinal allergy (46 cases were BCG-vaccinated). Skin tests were performed simultaneously on each forearm following the standard Mantoux procedure using tuberculin RT 23 (2 TU/0.1 ml) and TM (10 IU/0.1 ml). The reactions were read on the 3rd day by measuring the largest diameter of induration in mm. Our subjects were divided into 3 groups regarding the final diagnosis : A- tuberculous infection and disease or preventive treatment (n = 15), B- sensitization by non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (n = 25), C- child not belonging to the two previous groups (n = 52). Variance analysis showed that, whatever the tuberculin used, tuberculin reactions differed significantly between groups (p < 0.001) and that, whatever the group considered, the reactions to TM were greater than to RT 23 (p < 0.001) without interaction between parameters (p < 0.13). BCG-vaccination has no influence on the results. This more intense reactivity could lead to difficulties in the interpretation of the tuberculin reaction, particularly in non BCG-vaccinated children, in the cases of non specific reactions due to NTM sensitization usually responsible for reaction of intermediate strenght (between 5 and 10 mm). The risk is to suspect wrongly a tuberculous infection and to set up an unwarranted antituberculous treatment.
AbstractList L'intradermoréaction (IDR) à la tuberculine est le test le plus fiable de dépistage de la tuberculose infection chez l'enfant. Nous avons comparé les réactions obtenues avec la tuberculine Mérieux (TM) utilisée en France, à celle d'une tuberculine de référence, la RT 23 du Serumstatens Institut de Copenhague. L'étude s'est déroulée sur 2 ans, et a porté sur 92 enfants (56 garçons, 36 filles) agés de 4 mois à 15 ans 8 mois (moyenne : 61,5 mois) dont 46 sont vaccinés par le BCG, adressés dans notre service soit pour une positivité ou un virage des tests prévaccinaux soit pour une accentuation de l'allergie bécégique. Les IDR sont réalisées simultanément sur chaque avant-bras selon la technique de Mantoux avec la RT 23 (2 UT/ 0,1 ml) et la TM (10 UI/ 0,1 ml). La lecture est faite au 3e jour par la mesure du plus grand diamètre de l'induration en mm. Nos patients ont été classés en 3 catégories en fonction du diagnostic retenu : A- tuberculose latente ou patente ou chimioprévention (n = 15); B- sensibilisation aux mycobactéries non tuberculeuses (MNT) (n = 25); C- enfants n'entrant dans aucun des deux groupes précédents (n = 52). L'analyse de variance montre que quelle que soit la tuberculine utilisée, il existe une différence significative selon les groupes (p < 0,001) et que les indurations de la TM sont significativement plus grandes que celles de la RT 23 quel que soit le groupe (p < 0,001) sans interaction entre les deux paramètres considérés (p = 0,13). La vaccination par le BCG n'influence pas les résultats. Cette réactivité plus intense de la TM peut poser des problèmes d'interprétation en particulier chez les sujets non vaccinés par le BCG, dans les cas de réactions non spécifiques liées aux MNT qui correspondent à des niveaux de positivité intermédiaire de la tuberculino-réaction (entre 5 et 10 mm), avec le risque de considérer à tort un sujet comme suspect d'infection tuberculeuse et d'engager un traitement antituberculeux non justifié. The intradermal Mantoux tuberculin test is the most reliable test for the detection of tuberculous infection in children. We compared the responses to tuberculin Merieux (TM), regularly used in France, with those to tuberculin RT 23 supplied by the Serumstatens Institut, Copenhagen, a product carefully standardized in a wide range of subjects and conditions. The study was carried out within 2 years, and included 92 children (56 boys, 36 girls) aged 4 months to 15 years 8 months (mean : 61.5 months), referred to our department either for a positive tuberculin skin test and tuberculin conversion without BCG-vaccination, or an increase of post vaccinal allergy (46 cases were BCG-vaccinated). Skin tests were performed simultaneously on each forearm following the standard Mantoux procedure using tuberculin RT 23 (2 TU/0.1 ml) and TM (10 IU/0.1 ml). The reactions were read on the 3rd day by measuring the largest diameter of induration in mm. Our subjects were divided into 3 groups regarding the final diagnosis : A- tuberculous infection and disease or preventive treatment (n = 15), B- sensitization by non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (n = 25), C- child not belonging to the two previous groups (n = 52). Variance analysis showed that, whatever the tuberculin used, tuberculin reactions differed significantly between groups (p < 0.001) and that, whatever the group considered, the reactions to TM were greater than to RT 23 (p < 0.001) without interaction between parameters (p < 0.13). BCG-vaccination has no influence on the results. This more intense reactivity could lead to difficulties in the interpretation of the tuberculin reaction, particularly in non BCG-vaccinated children, in the cases of non specific reactions due to NTM sensitization usually responsible for reaction of intermediate strenght (between 5 and 10 mm). The risk is to suspect wrongly a tuberculous infection and to set up an unwarranted antituberculous treatment.
Author Mariani, R.
Albertini, M.
Bourrier, T.
Haas, H.
Chiche, V.
Dageville, C.
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Cites_doi 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90021-J
10.1080/00039896.1968.10665012
10.1016/S0092-1157(77)80004-8
10.1016/0962-8479(93)90079-D
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Keywords Sensitins
Enfant
Tuberculines
Sensitines
Tests intradermiques
Tuberculins
Intradermal tests
Mycobactéries non tuberculeuses
Child
Non tuberculous mycobacteria
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Dobbelaer (10.1016/S0399-077X(05)81693-2_bib1) 1977; 5
Lind (10.1016/S0399-077X(05)81693-2_bib9) 1991; 72
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Snippet L'intradermoréaction (IDR) à la tuberculine est le test le plus fiable de dépistage de la tuberculose infection chez l'enfant. Nous avons comparé les réactions...
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SubjectTerms Child
Enfant
Intradermal tests
Mycobactéries non tuberculeuses
Non tuberculous mycobacteria
Sensitines
Sensitins
Tests intradermiques
Tuberculines
Tuberculins
Title Comparaison des tests intradermiques de Mantoux réalisés avec deux tuberculines chez des enfants vaccinés et non vaccinés par le BCG
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