The testis-specific serine proteases PRSS44, PRSS46, and PRSS54 are dispensable for male mouse fertility
High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics s...
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| Published in | Biology of reproduction Vol. 102; no. 1; pp. 84 - 91 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Society for the Study of Reproduction
12.02.2020
Oxford University Press |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0006-3363 1529-7268 1529-7268 |
| DOI | 10.1093/biolre/ioz158 |
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| Abstract | High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. Summary sentence The testis-specific serine proteases Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 are dispensable for male fertility based on phenotype analyses of knockout mice produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. |
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| AbstractList | High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell-specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives.High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell-specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. Abstract High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. Summary Sentence The testis-specific serine proteases Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 are dispensable for male fertility based on phenotype analyses of knockout mice produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. Summary sentence The testis-specific serine proteases Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 are dispensable for male fertility based on phenotype analyses of knockout mice produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell--specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. Summary sentence The testis-specific serine proteases Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 are dispensable for male fertility based on phenotype analyses of knockout mice produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Key words: contraception, CRISPR/Cas9, drug target, male reproductive tract, paralog, sperm maturation, spermatid, spermatozoa High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44 , Prss46 , and Prss54 , which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44 , Prss46 , and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. Summary Sentence The testis-specific serine proteases Prss44, Prss46 , and Prss54 are dispensable for male fertility based on phenotype analyses of knockout mice produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell--specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives. The testis-specific serine proteases Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 are dispensable for male fertility based on phenotype analyses of knockout mice produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Robertson, Matthew J Kent, Katarzyna Ikawa, Masahito Matzuk, Martin M Yu, Zhifeng Garcia, Thomas X Oura, Seiya Nozawa, Kaori Coarfa, Cristian Holcomb, Richard J |
| AuthorAffiliation | 8 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 10 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 9 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 2 Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA 7 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 3 Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 4 Department of Experimental Genome Research , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 6 Advanced Technology Cores , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 5 Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 11 The Institute of Medical Science , The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 11 The Institute of Medical Science , The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan – name: 10 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan – name: 2 Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA – name: 7 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA – name: 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA – name: 4 Department of Experimental Genome Research , Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan – name: 3 Center for Drug Discovery , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA – name: 6 Advanced Technology Cores , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA – name: 9 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA – name: 5 Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA – name: 8 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31403672$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_12433_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2020_00061 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2022_757042 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_10847 crossref_primary_10_1111_andr_13314 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_970439 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2022_828859 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11033_020_05595_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2021_665874 crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_12210 |
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| Copyright | The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. COPYRIGHT 2020 Oxford University Press |
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| Keywords | paralog CRISPR/Cas9 spermatozoa sperm maturation male reproductive tract spermatid contraception drug target |
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| License | This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Grant Support: This research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grants R01HD095341 [to T.X.G.] and P01HD087157 [to M.M.M., M.I., and T.X.G.]), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP1160866 (to M.M.M. and M.I.), and a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship (to K.N.). |
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| Snippet | High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to be... Abstract High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell–specific genes with many that remain to... High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell-specific genes with many that remain to be... High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell--specific genes with many that remain to be... |
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| SubjectTerms | Biological research Biology, Experimental contraception CRISPR/Cas9 drug target Fertility Genes Infertility male reproductive tract paralog Physiological aspects Proteases Reproductive health RESEARCH ARTICLE Sperm sperm maturation spermatid Spermatogenesis spermatozoa Testis |
| Title | The testis-specific serine proteases PRSS44, PRSS46, and PRSS54 are dispensable for male mouse fertility |
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