Advancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time

Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide and small-scale studies have identified transit time as a top covariate contributing to the large interindividual varia...

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Published inGut Vol. 72; no. 1; pp. 180 - 191
Main Authors Procházková, Nicola, Falony, Gwen, Dragsted, Lars Ove, Licht, Tine Rask, Raes, Jeroen, Roager, Henrik M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology 01.01.2023
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects
Bile
Colon
Constipation
Diet
Fatty acids
Feces
Gastric motility
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
gastrointestinal physiology
gastrointestinal transit
Gut microbiota
Humans
intestinal microbiology
Intestinal microflora
Irritable bowel syndrome
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Motility
Nutrition research
Population studies
Recent Advances in Basic Science
Scintigraphy
Small intestine
Variation
gastrointestinal physiology
intestinal microbiology
diet
gastrointestinal transit
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0017-5749
1468-3288
1468-3288
DOI10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328166

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Abstract Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide and small-scale studies have identified transit time as a top covariate contributing to the large interindividual variation in the faecal microbiota composition. Despite this, transit time is still rarely being considered in the field of the human gut microbiome. Here, we review the latest research describing how and why whole gut and segmental transit times vary substantially between and within individuals, and how variations in gut transit time impact the gut microbiota composition, diversity and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may causally affect gut motility. We argue that by taking into account the interindividual and intraindividual differences in gut transit time, we can advance our understanding of diet–microbiota interactions and disease-related microbiome signatures, since these may often be confounded by transient or persistent alterations in transit time. Altogether, a better understanding of the complex, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and transit time is required to better understand gut microbiome variations in health and disease.
AbstractList Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide and small-scale studies have identified transit time as a top covariate contributing to the large interindividual variation in the faecal microbiota composition. Despite this, transit time is still rarely being considered in the field of the human gut microbiome. Here, we review the latest research describing how and why whole gut and segmental transit times vary substantially between and within individuals, and how variations in gut transit time impact the gut microbiota composition, diversity and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may causally affect gut motility. We argue that by taking into account the interindividual and intraindividual differences in gut transit time, we can advance our understanding of diet–microbiota interactions and disease-related microbiome signatures, since these may often be confounded by transient or persistent alterations in transit time. Altogether, a better understanding of the complex, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and transit time is required to better understand gut microbiome variations in health and disease.
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide and small-scale studies have identified transit time as a top covariate contributing to the large interindividual variation in the faecal microbiota composition. Despite this, transit time is still rarely being considered in the field of the human gut microbiome. Here, we review the latest research describing how and why whole gut and segmental transit times vary substantially between and within individuals, and how variations in gut transit time impact the gut microbiota composition, diversity and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may causally affect gut motility. We argue that by taking into account the interindividual and intraindividual differences in gut transit time, we can advance our understanding of diet-microbiota interactions and disease-related microbiome signatures, since these may often be confounded by transient or persistent alterations in transit time. Altogether, a better understanding of the complex, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and transit time is required to better understand gut microbiome variations in health and disease.Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. Both population-wide and small-scale studies have identified transit time as a top covariate contributing to the large interindividual variation in the faecal microbiota composition. Despite this, transit time is still rarely being considered in the field of the human gut microbiome. Here, we review the latest research describing how and why whole gut and segmental transit times vary substantially between and within individuals, and how variations in gut transit time impact the gut microbiota composition, diversity and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may causally affect gut motility. We argue that by taking into account the interindividual and intraindividual differences in gut transit time, we can advance our understanding of diet-microbiota interactions and disease-related microbiome signatures, since these may often be confounded by transient or persistent alterations in transit time. Altogether, a better understanding of the complex, bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and transit time is required to better understand gut microbiome variations in health and disease.
Author Dragsted, Lars Ove
Roager, Henrik M
Licht, Tine Rask
Procházková, Nicola
Falony, Gwen
Raes, Jeroen
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
3 Center for Microbiology , Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Leuven , Belgium
4 National Food Institute , Technical University , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology , KU Leuven – University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology , KU Leuven – University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
– name: 4 National Food Institute , Technical University , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
– name: 1 Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
– name: 3 Center for Microbiology , Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Leuven , Belgium
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Nicola
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1071-2488
  surname: Procházková
  fullname: Procházková, Nicola
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Gwen
  surname: Falony
  fullname: Falony, Gwen
  organization: Center for Microbiology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lars Ove
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0609-6317
  surname: Dragsted
  fullname: Dragsted, Lars Ove
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tine Rask
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6399-9574
  surname: Licht
  fullname: Licht, Tine Rask
  organization: National Food Institute, Technical University, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Jeroen
  surname: Raes
  fullname: Raes, Jeroen
  organization: Center for Microbiology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Henrik M
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2504-8313
  surname: Roager
  fullname: Roager, Henrik M
  email: hero@nexs.ku.dk
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36171079$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords gastrointestinal physiology
intestinal microbiology
diet
gastrointestinal transit
Language English
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Snippet Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health....
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StartPage 180
SubjectTerms Bile
Colon
Constipation
Diet
Fatty acids
Feces
Gastric motility
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
gastrointestinal physiology
gastrointestinal transit
Gut microbiota
Humans
intestinal microbiology
Intestinal microflora
Irritable bowel syndrome
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Motility
Nutrition research
Population studies
Recent Advances in Basic Science
Scintigraphy
Small intestine
Variation
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Title Advancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time
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