Sociodemographic predictors of early postnatal growth: evidence from a Chilean infancy cohort

ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with...

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Published inBMJ open Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e033695
Main Authors Von Holle, Ann, North, Kari E, Gahagan, Sheila, Burrows, Raquel A, Blanco, Estela, Lozoff, Betsy, Howard, Annie Green, Justice, Anne, Graff, Misa, Voruganti, Venkata Saroja
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 03.06.2020
BMJ Publishing Group
SeriesOriginal research
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ISSN2044-6055
2044-6055
DOI10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033695

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Abstract ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measuresLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).ResultsLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.ConclusionPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.
AbstractList Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age. Prospective cohort study. Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996). 1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants. Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP). Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters. Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.
Objectives Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.Design Prospective cohort study.Settings Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants 1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measures Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).Results Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.Conclusion Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.
ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measuresLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).ResultsLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.ConclusionPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.
Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.OBJECTIVESInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.Prospective cohort study.DESIGNProspective cohort study.Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996).SETTINGSLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996).1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.PARTICIPANTS1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.RESULTSLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.CONCLUSIONPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.
Author Voruganti, Venkata Saroja
Justice, Anne
Howard, Annie Green
Graff, Misa
Gahagan, Sheila
Lozoff, Betsy
North, Kari E
Burrows, Raquel A
Blanco, Estela
Von Holle, Ann
AuthorAffiliation 2 Division of Child Development and Community Health , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California , USA
1 Department of Epidemiology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
4 Department of Pediatrics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
5 Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
7 Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
3 Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
6 Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics , Geisinger Health , Danville , Pennsylvania , USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
– name: 1 Department of Epidemiology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
– name: 4 Department of Pediatrics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
– name: 6 Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics , Geisinger Health , Danville , Pennsylvania , USA
– name: 7 Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
– name: 5 Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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  givenname: Anne
  surname: Justice
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499257$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 6
Keywords epidemiology
public health
community child health
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
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Snippet ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of...
Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental...
Objectives Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of...
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StartPage e033695
SubjectTerms Age
Anemia
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - prevention & control
Anthropometry
Babies
Breastfeeding & lactation
Child Development
Childrens health
Chile
Chronic illnesses
Disease prevention
Education
Environmental indicators
Epidemiology
Female
Growth models
Humans
Income
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Iron
Low income groups
Male
Mothers
Poverty Areas
Prospective Studies
Public health
Sociodemographics
Socioeconomic Factors
Socioeconomics
Variables
Velocity
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Title Sociodemographic predictors of early postnatal growth: evidence from a Chilean infancy cohort
URI https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/6/e033695.full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499257
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2433229189
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2410354111
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7282289
https://doaj.org/article/7c92495ceb084945bc37f2e9e2771f95
Volume 10
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