Sociodemographic predictors of early postnatal growth: evidence from a Chilean infancy cohort
ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with...
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Published in | BMJ open Vol. 10; no. 6; p. e033695 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
03.06.2020
BMJ Publishing Group |
Series | Original research |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 2044-6055 2044-6055 |
DOI | 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033695 |
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Abstract | ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measuresLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).ResultsLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.ConclusionPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth. |
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AbstractList | Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.
Prospective cohort study.
Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996).
1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.
Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).
Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.
Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth. Objectives Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.Design Prospective cohort study.Settings Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants 1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measures Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).Results Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.Conclusion Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth. ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991–1996).Participants1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Main outcome measuresLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).ResultsLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (−0.22, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.13)—outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)—outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.ConclusionPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth. Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.OBJECTIVESInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental influences in early life with long-term health consequences. Previous research has identified sociodemographic gradients in growth with a focus on the first year and beyond, but estimates are sparse for growth before 6 months. Thus, our objective was to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and infant growth patterns between birth and 5 months of age.Prospective cohort study.DESIGNProspective cohort study.Low-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996).SETTINGSLow-income to middle-income neighbourhoods in Santiago, Chile (1991-1996).1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.PARTICIPANTS1412 participants from a randomised iron-deficiency anaemia preventive trial in healthy infants.Longitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESLongitudinal anthropometrics including monthly weight (kg), length (cm) and weight-for-length (WFL) values. For each measure, we estimated three individual-level growth parameters (size, timing and velocity) from SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation models. Size and timing changes represent vertical and horizontal growth curve shifts, respectively, and velocity change represents growth rate shifts. We estimated the linear association between growth parameters and gestational age, maternal age, education and socioeconomic position (SEP).Lower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.RESULTSLower SEP was associated with a slower linear (length) velocity growth parameter (-0.22, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.13)-outcome units are per cent change in velocity from the average growth curve. Lower SEP was associated with later WFL growth timing as demonstrated through the tempo growth parameter for females (0.25, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.42)-outcome units are shifts in days from the average growth curve. We found no evidence of associations between SEP and the weight size, timing or velocity growth rate parameters.Previous research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth.CONCLUSIONPrevious research on growth in older infants and children shows associations between lower SEP with slower length velocity. We found evidence supporting this association in the first 5 months of life, which may inform age-specific prevention efforts aimed at infant length growth. |
Author | Voruganti, Venkata Saroja Justice, Anne Howard, Annie Green Graff, Misa Gahagan, Sheila Lozoff, Betsy North, Kari E Burrows, Raquel A Blanco, Estela Von Holle, Ann |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 Division of Child Development and Community Health , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California , USA 1 Department of Epidemiology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA 4 Department of Pediatrics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA 5 Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA 7 Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA 3 Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile 6 Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics , Geisinger Health , Danville , Pennsylvania , USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile – name: 1 Department of Epidemiology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA – name: 4 Department of Pediatrics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA – name: 6 Center for Biomedical and Translational Informatics , Geisinger Health , Danville , Pennsylvania , USA – name: 7 Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA – name: 5 Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA – name: 2 Division of Child Development and Community Health , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California , USA |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499257$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | ObjectivesInfant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of... Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of environmental... Objectives Infant anthropometric growth varies across socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and income, and may serve as an indicator of... |
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SubjectTerms | Age Anemia Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - epidemiology Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - prevention & control Anthropometry Babies Breastfeeding & lactation Child Development Childrens health Chile Chronic illnesses Disease prevention Education Environmental indicators Epidemiology Female Growth models Humans Income Infant Infant, Newborn Infants Iron Low income groups Male Mothers Poverty Areas Prospective Studies Public health Sociodemographics Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomics Variables Velocity |
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Title | Sociodemographic predictors of early postnatal growth: evidence from a Chilean infancy cohort |
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