Shear Strength of Unreinforced Masonry Wall Retrofitted with Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Hybrid Sheet
Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures represent a significant portion of existing historical structures around the world. Recent earthquakes have shown the need for seismic retrofitting for URM structures. Various types of strengthening methods have been used for URM structures. In particular, a str...
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| Published in | International Journal of Polymer Science Vol. 2015; no. 2015; pp. 416 - 428-146 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cairo, Egypt
Hindawi Limiteds
01.01.2015
Hindawi Publishing Corporation John Wiley & Sons, Inc Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1687-9422 1687-9430 |
| DOI | 10.1155/2015/863057 |
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| Abstract | Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures represent a significant portion of existing historical structures around the world. Recent earthquakes have shown the need for seismic retrofitting for URM structures. Various types of strengthening methods have been used for URM structures. In particular, a strengthening technique using externally bonded (EB) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has attracted engineers since EB FRP materials effectively enhance the shear strength of URM walls with negligible change to cross-sectional area and weight of the walls. Research has been extensively conducted to determine characteristics of URM walls strengthened with EB FRP materials. However, it is still difficult to determine an appropriate retrofitting level due to the complexity of mechanical behavior of strengthened URM walls. In this study, in-plane behavior under lateral loading was, therefore, investigated on a full-scale nonstrengthened URM wall and URM walls retrofitted with two different FRP materials: carbon (CFRP) and hybrid (HFRP) sheets. The test results indicated that both FRP composites were effective in increasing shear strength in comparison with the control specimen. However, better performance was obtained with HFRP compared to CFRP. In addition, an equation for estimating effective strain was proposed, and the theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental ones. |
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| AbstractList | Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures represent a significant portion of existing historical structures around the world. Recent earthquakes have shown the need for seismic retrofitting for URM structures. Various types of strengthening methods have been used for URM structures. In particular, a strengthening technique using externally bonded (EB) fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has attracted engineers since EB FRP materials effectively enhance the shear strength of URM walls with negligible change to cross-sectional area and weight of the walls. Research has been extensively conducted to determine characteristics of URM walls strengthened with EB FRP materials. However, it is still difficult to determine an appropriate retrofitting level due to the complexity of mechanical behavior of strengthened URM walls. In this study, in-plane behavior under lateral loading was, therefore, investigated on a full-scale nonstrengthened URM wall and URM walls retrofitted with two different FRP materials: carbon (CFRP) and hybrid (HFRP) sheets. The test results indicated that both FRP composites were effective in increasing shear strength in comparison with the control specimen. However, better performance was obtained with HFRP compared to CFRP. In addition, an equation for estimating effective strain was proposed, and the theoretical results were in good agreement with the experimental ones. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Choi, Hyun-Ki Choi, Yun-Cheul Lee, Dongkeun Choi, Chang Sik |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engstruct_2022_115467 crossref_primary_10_1080_13632469_2023_2233029 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10518_023_01649_3 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.005 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.020 10.1016/0010-4361(94)p3630-j 10.1016/s0266-3538(98)00185-7 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.06.003 10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00180-8 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.11.004 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00043-0 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.10.005 10.1680/macr.10.00112 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:2(96) 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.05.004 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.035 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.01.031 10.1016/0010-4361(94)90190-2 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.014 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2015 Yun-Cheul Choi et al. COPYRIGHT 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2015 Yun-Cheul Choi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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| References_xml | – reference: AC 125 Acceptance criteria for concrete and reinforced and unreinforced masonry strengthened using fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), composite systems Proceedings of the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO '01) 2001 Whittier, Calif, USA Evaluation Service – volume: 40 start-page: 925 issue: 6-7 year: 2009 end-page: 931 ident: 8 article-title: Damage characterisation of fibre metal laminates under interlaminar shear load – reference: Park B. C. Lee J. H. Kim H. Y. Kim J. S. Study on Seismic Retrofitting Techniques for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings 2009 Disaster Prevention Research Department, National Disaster Management Institute (NDMI) – reference: KS F 4004 Concrete Bricks 2013 Kyounggi, South Korea Korea Standards Information Centre – volume: 59 start-page: 1387 issue: 9 year: 1999 end-page: 1398 ident: 26 article-title: Effects of stacking sequence on microscopic fatigue damage development in quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates with interlaminar-toughened layers – reference: Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) http://www.kma.go.kr/ – reference: Sun C. T. Chan W. S. Frequency effect on the fatigue life of a laminated composite. Composite materials: testing and design (fifth conference) ASTM 1979 STP 674 West Conshohocken, Pa, USA ASTM International – volume: 37 start-page: 148 issue: 2-3 year: 2005 end-page: 162 ident: 21 article-title: Aseismic retrofitting of unreinforced masonry walls using FRP – volume: 2 start-page: 96 issue: 2 year: 1998 end-page: 104 ident: 29 article-title: Strengthening of masonry structures using epoxy-bonded FRP laminates – reference: Santa-Maria H. Alcaino P. Luders C. Experimental response of masonry walls externally reinforced with carbon fiber fabrics Proceedings of the 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006 San Francisco, Calif, USA – reference: Maria H. S. Alcaino P. Luders C. Experimental response of masonry walls externally reinforced with carbon fiber fabrics Proceedings of the 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering April 2006 San Francisco, Calif, USA 8555 8564 2-s2.0-84865845697 – reference: ElGawady M. A. Lestuzzi P. Badoux M. A review of retrofitting of unreinforceed masonry walls using composites Proceedings of the 13th IB2MC 2004 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 10 Paper no. 90 – reference: Wu W. Thermomechanical properties of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) bars [Ph.D. thesis] 1990 Morgantown, WVa, USA West Virginia University – volume: 59 start-page: 1461 issue: 10 year: 1999 end-page: 1467 ident: 12 article-title: Analysis of fatigue and damage in glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene composite materials – reference: Schwegler G. Masonry construction strengthened with fiber composites in seismically endangered zones Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1995 Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2299 2303 – reference: Calvi G. Magenes G. Experimental results on unreinforced masonry shear walls damaged and repaired Proceedings of the 10th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference (IB2MaC '94) July 1994 Calgary, Canada – reference: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings 2000 FEMA-356 Washington, DC, USA American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – volume: 43 start-page: 2452 issue: 5 year: 2012 end-page: 2463 ident: 6 article-title: A study on the effects of high temperature on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites – volume: 41 start-page: 1219 issue: 9 year: 2010 end-page: 1231 ident: 7 article-title: High temperature and fire behaviour of continuous glass fibre/polypropylene laminates – volume: 25 start-page: 604 issue: 7 year: 1994 end-page: 608 ident: 27 article-title: A study of the influence of the environment on the measurement of interfacial properties of carbon fibre/epoxy resin composites – reference: United States Geological Survey (USGS) http://www.usgs.gov/ – volume: 102 start-page: 9 year: 2013 end-page: 19 ident: 24 article-title: In-plane behavior of seismically damaged masonry walls repaired with external BFRP – volume: 88 start-page: 94 year: 2015 end-page: 104 ident: 22 article-title: Experimental and analytical study to evaluate the effectiveness of an in-plane reinforcement for masonry walls using GFRP meshes – volume: 64 start-page: 377 issue: 5 year: 2012 end-page: 394 ident: 25 article-title: A study on retrofit method of shear wall by new openings – volume: 94 start-page: 54 year: 2015 end-page: 69 ident: 23 article-title: Structural performance of confined masonry walls retrofitted using ferrocement and GFRP under in-plane cyclic loading – reference: Kumahara S. Masuda Y. Tanano Y. Nanni A. Dolan C. W. Tensile strength of continuous fiber bar under high temperature Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Reinforcement for Concrete Structures 1993 Farmington Hills, Mich, USA American Concrete Institute 731 742 SP-138 – reference: Kwan K. Y. Seismic Retrofitting Method for Unreinforced Masonry Buildings 2000 Earthquake and Disaster Prevention Research Institute of University of Seoul – reference: Seki M. Vacareanuu R. Saito T. Cotofana D. Lozinca E. Popa V. Chesca A. B. Cyclic shear tests on plain and FRP retrofitted masonry walls Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 2008 Beijing, China – reference: Gergely J. Young D. T. Figueiras J. Juvandes L. Furia R. 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Seismic in-plane behavior of URM walls upgraded with composites [Ph.D. dissertation] 2004 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – reference: ACI 318 Building code requirements for reinforced concrete ACI 2008 318-08 Farmington Hills, Mich, USA American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee – volume: 16 start-page: 409 issue: 7 year: 2002 end-page: 416 ident: 17 article-title: Shear behavior of masonry panels strengthened by FRP laminates – year: 2013 ident: 20 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.005 – ident: 18 doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.04.020 – ident: 35 doi: 10.1016/0010-4361(94)p3630-j – ident: 14 doi: 10.1016/s0266-3538(98)00185-7 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.06.003 – year: 2009 ident: 26 – year: 2000 ident: 22 – ident: 25 doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00180-8 – ident: 23 doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.11.004 – ident: 33 doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00043-0 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.10.005 – volume: 64 start-page: 377 issue: 5 year: 2012 ident: 7 publication-title: Magazine of Concrete Research doi: 10.1680/macr.10.00112 – ident: 31 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:2(96) – ident: 17 doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.05.004 – ident: 8 doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.035 – ident: 37 doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.01.031 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1016/0010-4361(94)90190-2 – ident: 15 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.014 |
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis California Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Earthquakes Fiber reinforced plastics Historic buildings Masonry Mathematical analysis Polymer industry Polymers Retrofitting Seismology Shear strength South Korea Strengthening Walls |
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| Title | Shear Strength of Unreinforced Masonry Wall Retrofitted with Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Hybrid Sheet |
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