Fish vaccination

Fish farming, in seawater and in freshwater, in cages, tanks or ponds, makes an ever-increasing and significant contribution to the production of aquatic food in many regions of the world. During the last few decades there has been significant progress and expansion in the aquaculture sector, charac...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors Gudding, Roar, Lillehaug, Atle, Evensen, Øystein
Format eBook Book
LanguageEnglish
Published Chichester Wiley-Blackwell 2014
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Edition1
Subjects
Diseases
Fishes
Fishes > Diseases > Prevention
Fishes > Vaccination
Prevention
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Online AccessGet full text
ISBN9780470674550
0470674555
111880693X
9781118806937
DOI10.1002/9781118806913

Cover

Table of Contents:
  • Chapter 5 DNA Vaccines -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Comparison of DNA Vaccines with Conventional Inactivated Products: Advantages and Disadvantages -- 5.2.1 Development of test vaccines -- 5.2.2 Production and storage -- 5.2.3 Formulation and delivery -- 5.3 DNA Vaccines for Veterinary Use -- 5.4 Biosecurity and Regulatory Considerations -- References -- Chapter 6 Mucosal Vaccination of Fish -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 History of "Mucosal'' Vaccination -- 6.3 Mucosal versus Systemic Immunity in Fish -- 6.4 Immersion Vaccination -- 6.5 Oral Vaccination -- 6.5.1 Oral vaccination with unprotected antigens -- 6.5.2 Bioencapsulation -- 6.5.3 Edible vaccines -- 6.5.4 Microbial biofilms -- 6.5.5 Microencapsulation -- 6.5.6 Alternative methods -- 6.6 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Adjuvants in Fish Vaccines -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Vaccine Formulations -- 7.3 Principles of Adjuvant Actions -- 7.4 Antigenic Component -- 7.5 Adjuvants -- 7.6 Antigen Delivery Systems -- 7.7 Delivery Vehicles -- 7.8 Emulsion Vaccines -- 7.8.1 Oil-adjuvant vaccines -- 7.8.2 Particle-based/formulated vaccines -- 7.9 Biodegradable Particulate Delivery Systems -- 7.10 Fusion Protein Delivery System -- 7.11 Immunomodulators -- 7.11.1 Aluminum-containing adjuvants -- 7.11.2 Saponins -- 7.11.3 ß-glucans -- 7.11.4 TLR ligands -- 7.11.5 Flagellin -- 7.11.6 Poly I:C -- 7.11.7 CpG ODN -- 7.12 Stabilizers -- 7.13 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives -- 7.14 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 The Innate Immune Response in Fish -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Innate Immunity: A Sensing and an Effector Arm -- 8.3 Professional Phagocytes: The Macrophages and the Neutrophilic Granulocytes -- 8.4 Natural Killer (NK)-Like Cells -- 8.5 The Sensing Arm of Innate Immunity -- 8.6 TLRs are the Best Studied PRRS in Fish -- 8.7 NOD-Like and RIG-I Receptors are Found in Fish
  • 22.8 Vaccine Effects and Side-Effects
  • 11.10 The European Union and Connected EEA Countries -- 11.10.1 Procedures -- 11.10.2 The European pharmacopoeia -- 11.10.3 Scientific advice -- 11.10.4 Minor use and minor species (MUMS) -- 11.11 United States of America -- 11.11.1 Procedures -- 11.11.2 Types of product licenses/permits -- 11.12 Japan -- 11.13 Other Relevant Organizations: OIE, FAO, WHO -- References -- Chapter 12 Vaccination Strategies and Procedures -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Timing of Vaccination -- 12.3 Water Temperature -- 12.4 Size of Fish -- 12.5 Vaccination Methods -- 12.5.1 Injection vaccination -- 12.5.2 Immersion/dip vaccination -- 12.5.3 Oral vaccination -- 12.6 Time for Protection to Develop-Duration of Protection -- 12.7 Booster Vaccination -- 12.8 Vaccination Economy -- References -- Chapter 13 Side-Effects of Vaccination -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Acute Side-Effects -- 13.3 Chronic Side-Effects -- 13.4 Injection Site Reactions -- 13.5 Extensive Abdominal Lesions -- 13.6 Lesions in Other Organs -- 13.7 Skeletal Lesions -- 13.8 Autoimmunity -- 13.9 Lesions in Non-Salmonid Species -- References -- Chapter 14 Future Fish Vaccinology -- 14.1 Molecular Technologies -- 14.2 Recombinant Vaccines -- 14.2.1 Subunit vaccines -- 14.2.2 Genetically modified vaccines -- 14.2.3 Vector vaccines -- 14.2.4 DNA vaccines -- 14.3 Marker Vaccines -- 14.4 Mucosal Vaccination -- 14.5 Vaccines Against Parasitic Diseases -- 14.6 Vaccines for Controlling Reproduction -- 14.7 Improved Formulations -- 14.8 Immunomodulation -- 14.9 Cytokines and DAMPS (Danger-Associated Molecular Pattern) as Adjuvants -- 14.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 15 Vaccination against Vibriosis -- 15.1 Vibriosis -- 15.2 Occurrence and Significance -- 15.3 Etiology -- 15.4 Pathogenesis -- 15.5 Vaccines -- 15.6 Vaccination Procedures -- 15.7 Vaccine Effect -- 15.8 Side-Effects -- 15.9 Regulations
  • References -- Chapter 16 Vaccination against Furunculosis -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Occurrence and Significance -- 16.3 Etiology -- 16.4 Pathogenesis and Virulence -- 16.5 Antigens -- 16.6 Vaccines -- 16.7 Vaccination Procedures -- 16.8 Effects -- 16.9 Side-Effects -- 16.10 Vaccination Against Atypical Furunculosis -- 16.11 Legal Aspects and Regulations -- References -- Chapter 17 Vaccination against Photobacteriosis -- 17.1 Occurrence and Significance -- 17.2 Etiology -- 17.3 Pathogenesis -- 17.4 Vaccines -- 17.5 Vaccination Procedures -- 17.6 Effect -- 17.7 Side-Effects -- 17.8 Regulations -- References -- Chapter 18 Vaccination against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish -- 18.1 Significance -- 18.2 Occurrence -- 18.3 Etiology -- 18.4 Pathogenesis -- 18.5 Virulence Factors -- 18.6 Vaccines and Immunity -- 18.7 Regulations (US) -- 18.8 Vaccination Practices -- References -- Chapter 19 Vaccination against Yersiniosis -- 19.1 Yersiniosis -- 19.2 Occurrence and Significance -- 19.3 Etiology -- 19.4 Pathogenesis -- 19.5 Vaccines -- 19.6 Vaccination Procedures -- 19.7 Vaccine Effect -- 19.8 Side-Effects -- 19.9 Regulations -- References -- Chapter 20 Vaccination against Streptococcosis and Lactococcosis -- 20.1 Occurrence -- 20.2 Significance -- 20.3 Etiology -- 20.4 Pathogenesis -- 20.5 Vaccines -- 20.6 Vaccination Procedures and Vaccine Effect -- 20.7 Side-Effects -- 20.8 Regulations -- References -- Chapter 21 Vaccination against Piscirickettsiosis -- 21.1 Occurrence and Significance -- 21.2 Etiology -- 21.3 Pathogenesis -- 21.4 Vaccines and Vaccination -- 21.5 Current Vaccine Status -- 21.6 Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 22 Vaccination against Bacterial Kidney Disease -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Occurrence -- 22.3 Significance -- 22.4 Etiology -- 22.5 Pathogenesis -- 22.6 Vaccines -- 22.7 Vaccination Procedures
  • 8.8 Lectins are Multifunctional Sensor Molecules for Carbohydrate Ligands -- 8.9 PRRs and the Induction of Immunity -- 8.10 Cytokines in Innate Immunity -- 8.10.1 The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF- -- 8.11 Interferons -- 8.12 The Complement System -- 8.13 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9 The Adaptive Immune Response in Fish -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Lymphocytes are the Key Cells of the Adaptive Immune System -- 9.3 Antigen Trapping and Activation of the Lymphocytes -- 9.4 Antigen Presenting Cells (APCS) of Myeloid Origin -- 9.5 Immunoglobulins and B Lymphocytes -- 9.6 T Lymphocytes -- 9.7 Cytotoxic T-Cells -- 9.8 Helper T-Cells -- References -- Chapter 10 Development, Production and Control of Fish Vaccines -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Manufacturing License -- 10.2.1 Dossier -- 10.2.2 Quality systems -- 10.2.3 Quality management -- 10.2.4 Good Manufacturing Practice -- 10.2.5 Quality control -- 10.3 Vaccine Development -- 10.3.1 Replicating vaccines -- 10.3.2 Non-replicating vaccines -- 10.3.3 DNA vaccines -- 10.4 Development of Tests -- 10.5 Transfers -- 10.6 Manufacturing -- 10.6.1 Premises -- 10.6.2 Production systems -- 10.6.3 Production of bacterial antigens and subunits based on recombinant technology -- 10.6.4 Virus cultivation -- 10.6.5 Inactivation -- 10.6.6 Purification -- 10.6.7 Filling, labelling and packing -- 10.6.8 Quality control and release -- References -- Chapter 11 Legal Requirements and Authorization of Fish Vaccines -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Manufacturer Authorization -- 11.2.1 Considerations for design of studies -- 11.3 Food Safety-Maximum Residue Limits -- 11.4 Genetically Modified Organisms -- 11.5 DNA Vaccines -- 11.6 Prohibition of Use of Certain Vaccines -- 11.7 Use of Vaccines that are not Authorized -- 11.8 Autogenous Vaccines -- 11.9 Regional Rules and Competent Authorities
  • Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The History of Fish Vaccination -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Aquaculture -- 1.3 Immunology -- 1.4 Disease Prevention -- 1.5 Scientific Production-Reviews and Conferences -- 1.5.1 Salmonids -- 1.5.2 Non-salmonids -- 1.6 Successes and Failures -- 1.7 The Pioneers -- 1.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2 Vaccination as a Preventive Measure -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Biosecurity and Vaccination -- 2.3 Use of Vaccination in Aquaculture -- 2.4 Vaccination Against Different Diseases -- 2.5 Herd Immunity -- 2.6 Economic Considerations -- 2.7 Risk Assessment -- 2.8 The Market for Fish Vaccines -- References -- Chapter 3 Non-replicating Vaccines -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Classification -- 3.2.1 Inactivated vaccines -- 3.2.2 Subunit vaccines -- 3.2.3 Synthetic peptide vaccines -- 3.2.4 Particulate vaccines -- 3.3 Inactivated Vaccines-Methods of Inactivation -- 3.3.1 Physical inactivation -- 3.3.2 Chemical inactivation -- 3.4 Evaluation of Inactivation Efficacy -- 3.5 Measures of Efficacy for Inactivated Vaccines -- 3.5.1 Relative percent survival (RPS) -- 3.6 Mechanisms of Vaccine Protection -- 3.7 Antibodies as Correlates of Protective Immunity -- 3.8 Antigen Dose as Correlate of Protective Immunity -- References -- Chapter 4 Replicating Vaccines -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Attenuation Strategies-Bacterial Vaccines -- 4.2.1 Laboratory passage -- 4.2.2 Environmental bacterium -- 4.2.3 Physical or chemical mutagenesis -- 4.2.4 Genetic modification -- 4.2.5 Vaccination with live recombinant organisms expressing bacterial antigen -- 4.3 Attenuation Strategies-Viral Vaccines -- 4.3.1 Laboratory passage -- 4.3.2 Molecular techniques -- 4.4 Induction of Immunity -- 4.5 Vaccine Delivery -- 4.6 Vaccine Safety Considerations -- 4.7 Acknowledgement -- References