Essential Guide to Blood Coagulation
Thrombotic and bleeding disorders affect at least 10 million people in the US alone. There has also been a great deal of concern over travel-related deep vein thrombosis and therefore much more interest and research into the field of blood clotting. This new and concise practical guide will cover al...
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| Main Authors | , |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Newark
Wiley-Blackwell
2013
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated |
| Edition | 2. Aufl. |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 9781118288795 1118288793 |
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| Abstract | Thrombotic and bleeding disorders affect at least 10 million people in the US alone. There has also been a great deal of concern over travel-related deep vein thrombosis and therefore much more interest and research into the field of blood clotting. This new and concise practical guide will cover all the essentials one needs to know when managing thrombotic and bleeding disorders. The field of haematology is undergoing major advances in thrombosis research, including significant additions to recommended treatment protocols. The Essential Guide to Coagulation will distil the most clinically, up-to-date and relevant material from the literature for all those working in the field.Faced with a bleeding patient, it may be difficult to discern whether blood loss is due to a local factor or secondary to an underlying haemostatic defect. There are a range of simple and specialized laboratory texts which can be performed to further define the cause of bleeding in a patient. Since thefirst edition there have been many developments in the field. This includes a pipeline of many new anticoagulant drugs, including Ximelagatran, an oral anticoagulant being developed by AstraZeneca as Exanta®. These new classes of 'direct thrombin inhibitors' slow the coagulation cascade by directly binding to thrombin, a clotting factor essential in the clotting process. If thrombin is blocked, clot formation is delayed. A key component of this guide will be the latest treatment strategies available for patients. |
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| AbstractList | Thrombotic and bleeding disorders affect at least 10 million people in the US alone. There has also been a great deal of concern over travel-related deep vein thrombosis and therefore much more interest and research into the field of blood clotting. This new and concise practical guide will cover all the essentials one needs to know when managing thrombotic and bleeding disorders. The field of haematology is undergoing major advances in thrombosis research, including significant additions to recommended treatment protocols. The Essential Guide to Coagulation will distil the most clinically, up-to-date and relevant material from the literature for all those working in the field. Faced with a bleeding patient, it may be difficult to discern whether blood loss is due to a local factor or secondary to an underlying haemostatic defect. There are a range of simple and specialized laboratory texts which can be performed to further define the cause of bleeding in a patient. Since the first edition there have been many developments in the field including many new anticoagulant drugs. These new classes of "direct thrombin inhibitors" slow the coagulation cascade by directly binding to thrombin, a clotting factor essential in the clotting process. If thrombin is blocked, clot formation is delayed. A key component of this guide will be the latest treatment strategies available for patients. Thrombotic and bleeding disorders affect at least 10 million people in the US alone. There has also been a great deal of concern over travel-related deep vein thrombosis and therefore much more interest and research into the field of blood clotting. This new and concise practical guide will cover all the essentials one needs to know when managing thrombotic and bleeding disorders. The field of haematology is undergoing major advances in thrombosis research, including significant additions to recommended treatment protocols. The Essential Guide to Coagulation will distil the most clinically, up-to-date and relevant material from the literature for all those working in the field.Faced with a bleeding patient, it may be difficult to discern whether blood loss is due to a local factor or secondary to an underlying haemostatic defect. There are a range of simple and specialized laboratory texts which can be performed to further define the cause of bleeding in a patient. Since thefirst edition there have been many developments in the field. This includes a pipeline of many new anticoagulant drugs, including Ximelagatran, an oral anticoagulant being developed by AstraZeneca as Exanta®. These new classes of 'direct thrombin inhibitors' slow the coagulation cascade by directly binding to thrombin, a clotting factor essential in the clotting process. If thrombin is blocked, clot formation is delayed. A key component of this guide will be the latest treatment strategies available for patients. |
| Author | Blomb?ck, Margareta Antovic, Jovan |
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| Snippet | Thrombotic and bleeding disorders affect at least 10 million people in the US alone. There has also been a great deal of concern over travel-related deep vein... |
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| SubjectTerms | Blood Blood coagulation disorders Coagulation |
| TableOfContents | Cerebral venous thrombosis and dissection of precerebral arteries -- Recurrent TIA -- Prophylactic treatment against DVT and PE -- CHAPTER 13 Peripheral artery surgery -- Prophylaxis against reocclusion in peripheral vascular surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) -- Peri- and postoperative treatment -- Thrombolysis in acute ischemia -- PART 4 SPECIAL HEMOSTASIS -- CHAPTER 14 Hemostasis in obstetrics and gynecology -- Introduction -- Thrombosis during pregnancy -- Diagnosis of DVT and PE during pregnancy -- Treatment with anticoagulation -- Treatment of acute DVT/PE during pregnancy -- Treatment at partus and postpartum -- Breastfeeding -- Special cases -- Heart disease: treatment of women with mechanical heart valve prostheses -- Thromboprophylaxis in obstetrics and gynecology -- Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy, partus, and postpartum -- General comments on thromboprophylaxis -- Thromboprophylaxis at birth -- Thromboprophylaxis in the puerperium -- Thromboprophylaxis in antithrombin deficiency -- Ongoing treatment with VKA drugs and with recurrent DVT/PE history -- Thromboprophylaxis at caesarean section -- Thromboprophylaxis at vaginal delivery -- Blood sampling in children of women with severe forms of thrombophilia -- Obstetric epidural/spinal analgesia (anesthesia) -- In high-dose prophylaxis and treatment -- In ASA medication (75-160 mg) -- In platelet function defi ciency -- In pre-eclampsia -- In idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) -- In von Willebrand disease -- In carriers of hemophilia A or B -- In antiphospholipid syndrome (SLE) -- Complications during pregnancy -- Hemophilia, VWD -- Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura -- Monitoring during pregnancy -- Treatment during pregnancy -- Delivery -- The newborn infant -- Essential thrombocytosis/thrombocythemia (ET) -- Pre-eclampsia P-tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) -- P-tissue factor (TF) -- Platelet-activating predictors -- P-thromboglobulin (β-TG), P-platelet factor 4 (PF4) -- Platelet P-selectin (CD62P) or P-soluble P-selectin -- PLT-fibrinogen, PLT-VWF -- Microparticles (MP) -- Other non-hemostatic variables of importance P/S-CRP -- Combinations of assays suggested for various hemostatic abnormalities -- References -- PART 2 BLEEDING DISORDERS -- CHAPTER 4 Hereditary bleeding disorders -- General remarks about hemophilia A and B -- General remarks about von Willebrand disease -- Factor concentrates used for treatment of hemophilia A and B and VWD in Sweden in 2012 -- General remarks about factor concentrates -- Treatment strategy in severe forms of hemophilia and VWD -- Home/self-treatment -- Treatment in trauma and acute bleedings -- Recommendations for desired initial plasma concentrations at different types of bleedings -- Prophylaxis against joint bleedings -- Surgery in patients with bleeding disorders -- Tooth extraction in a hemophilia patient -- Caution in patients with bleeding disorders -- Pain-killing drugs allowed in hemophilia -- Other important issues in more severe forms of hemophilia and VWD -- Risk of hepatitis -- Treatment principles for different types of bleeding disorders (severe, moderate, and milder forms of hemostatic defects) -- Hematuria -- Nose bleeding -- Gum bleeding -- Menorrhagia -- Pregnancy and delivery -- Treatment with tranexamic acid -- Contraindication -- Rare bleeding disorders -- Severe platelet function defect (e.g. Glanzmann thrombasthenia) -- Mild hemostatic defects -- Blood sampling in bleeding disorders -- Bleeding risk charts -- CHAPTER 5 Critical bleeding -- Introduction -- Definition of massive bleeding -- Transfusion coagulopathy -- Recommendations to obtain optimal hemostasis -- Management Role of massive transfusion protocols in massive bleeding -- During continuous bleeding, aim for the following levels -- Choice of plasma -- Local procedures -- Additional treatment -- Fibrinogen concentrate -- Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) -- Recombinant factor VIIa -- Concentrates of other coagulation factors -- Cryoprecipitates -- Tranexamic acid -- Desmopressin -- Local hemostatic drugs -- Complicating factors -- Kidney failure -- Liver failure -- Reduced vitamin K absorption -- Malignancies -- Ongoing treatment with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs -- CHAPTER 6 Investigation of increased bleeding tendency -- Introduction -- Diagnosis -- Laboratory tests -- Reasons for pathologic screening analyses and further actions -- Causes of prolonged bleeding time -- Causes of thrombocytopenia -- Hereditary thrombocytopenias -- Acquired thrombocytopenia -- Causes of prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APT time) -- Possible causes -- Causes of elevated PT(INR) -- Investigation of bleeding tendency: practical aspects -- Elective investigation in non-acute bleeding tendency -- Preoperative investigation -- Acute investigation in postoperative or post-traumatic bleeding -- PART 3 THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDERS -- CHAPTER 7 Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism -- Introduction -- Incidence of thrombosis in different clinical materials -- Venous thrombosis -- Diagnosis -- Tools for confirming or excluding clinical suspicion of venous thrombosis -- Vein thrombosis in the arm -- Vein thrombosis in v portae, v hepatica (Budd-Chiari syndrome) and v mesenterica -- Superficial thrombophlebitis -- Pulmonary embolism -- Clinical suspicion -- Tools for confirming or excluding clinical suspicion of PE -- Treatment of VTE -- Primary prophylaxis against VTE -- Physical prophylaxis in connection with surgery Intro -- Essential Guide to Blood Coagulation -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- PART 1 GENERAL HEMOSTASIS -- CHAPTER 1 Schematic presentation of the hemostatic system -- CHAPTER 2 Proposals for sampling instructions -- Points to note prior to sampling -- Sampling time and patient preparation -- Referrals for coagulation analyses -- Sampling -- Analyses of plasma -- Technique -- For DNA investigation (genetic analyses) -- Reference -- CHAPTER 3 Laboratory investigations -- Nomenclature -- Reference intervals for laboratory investigations -- Screening analyses -- Pt-Bleeding time -- Other proposed analyses when bleeding time is increased in spite of normal platelet count -- Special analyses -- Coagulation factors -- Anticoagulants -- Protein C anticoagulant system -- Platelet function -- Fibrinolysis -- Markers of coagulation activation (hypercoagulation markers) -- Activating peptides: general remarks -- P-prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) -- P-thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex -- DNA analyses -- DNA-based diagnosis of hemophilia A and B -- DNA-based diagnosis in VWD -- DNA-based diagnosis in other hereditary bleeding disorders -- DNA-based diagnosis in thromboembolic disorders -- Global hemostatic assays and bedside methods -- Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) -- Overall hemostatic potential (OHP) -- Thromboelastography (TEG®)/ROTEM®) -- Point-of-care tests (POCT) also used as a routine -- Useful components in research studies -- Fibrin-gel structure -- P-plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex -- P-t-PA-PAI complex -- P-thrombin time -- P-ecarin clotting time -- P-C1-esterase inhibitor -- P-elastase -- P-heparin co-factor II (HC II) -- P-plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) -- P-protein C inhibitor -- P-APC-protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex -- P-TAFI -- P-VWF cleaving protease = ADAMTS-13 Drug prophylaxis in patients with a medical diagnosis -- Drug prophylaxis in surgery -- CHAPTER 8 Investigation of thromboembolic tendency -- Introduction -- Venous thromboembolism -- Possible hereditary defect -- Investigation prior to prescribing oral contraceptives or postmenopausal HRT -- Acquired defects -- Phospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant -- Arterial thromboembolism -- Disseminated intravascular coagulation -- Suspected or manifest DIC -- Hypercoagulation (not acute DIC) -- CHAPTER 9 Heart disease -- Ischemic heart disease -- Stable ischemic heart disease -- Unstable angina pectoris/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) -- ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) -- Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ischemic heart disease -- Atrial fibrillation -- Planned electroconversion -- Cardiac valve prosthesis -- New oral anticoagulants in the treatment of heart disease -- CHAPTER 10 Antiplatelet drug therapy and reversal of its effects -- Introduction -- ASA -- ADP (P2Y12) receptor antagonists -- GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists -- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and other antiplatelet compounds -- Combined antithrombotic treatment -- Benefit-risk assessment -- Platelet transfusion -- CHAPTER 11 New oral anticoagulants: focus on currently approved oral factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors -- Clinical pharmacology of NOACs -- Rivaroxaban -- Apixaban -- Dabigatran -- Possibility of and need for therapeutic monitoring of NOACs -- Clinical aspects of NOACs -- Results of clinical trials -- Summary -- Some characteristics of the individual NOACs -- Summary -- Considerations to be taken when using NOACs in some emergency situations -- Summary -- CHAPTER 12 Stroke and transient ischemic attack -- Antithrombotic secondary stroke prevention -- Atrial fibrillation and TIA or stroke -- Thrombolysis in stroke Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) |
| Title | Essential Guide to Blood Coagulation |
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