Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Formic Acid with 2‑Methyltetrahydrofuran: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics

Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)­association of the components and the prese...

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Published inIndustrial & engineering chemistry research Vol. 60; no. 15; pp. 5588 - 5599
Main Authors Laitinen, Antero T, Parsana, Vyomesh M, Jauhiainen, Olli, Huotari, Marco, van den Broeke, Leo J. P, de Jong, Wiebren, Vlugt, Thijs J. H, Ramdin, Mahinder
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published American Chemical Society 21.04.2021
Subjects
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
cost effectiveness
distillation
electrochemistry
electrolysis
formic acid
hybrids
hydrogen
liquid-liquid extraction
process design
renewable energy sources
Separations
solvents
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0888-5885
1520-5045
1520-5045
DOI10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00159

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Abstract Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)­association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid–liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO2 electrolysis process, which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF–FA and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF–FA–water are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85 wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction–distillation process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).
AbstractList Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid–liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO₂ electrolysis process, which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF–FA and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF–FA–water are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85 wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction–distillation process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).
Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid–liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO2 electrolysis process, which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF–FA and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF–FA–water are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85 wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction–distillation process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).
Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid-liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO2 electrolysis process, which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF-FA and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF-FA-water are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85 wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction-distillation process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid-liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO2 electrolysis process, which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF-FA and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF-FA-water are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85 wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction-distillation process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).
Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)­association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid–liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO2 electrolysis process, which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF–FA and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF–FA–water are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85 wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction–distillation process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).
Author Parsana, Vyomesh M
Ramdin, Mahinder
de Jong, Wiebren
van den Broeke, Leo J. P
Vlugt, Thijs J. H
Laitinen, Antero T
Huotari, Marco
Jauhiainen, Olli
AuthorAffiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, V.V.P. Engineering College
Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Delft University of Technology
Large-Scale Energy Storage, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Gujarat Technological University
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Snippet Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2)...
Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂)...
Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2)...
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SubjectTerms carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
cost effectiveness
distillation
electrochemistry
electrolysis
formic acid
hybrids
hydrogen
liquid-liquid extraction
process design
renewable energy sources
Separations
solvents
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Title Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Formic Acid with 2‑Methyltetrahydrofuran: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics
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