Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient refe...
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Newark
Wiley
2015
John Wiley & Sons John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated Wiley-Blackwell |
| Edition | 2 |
| Series | Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 1118094883 9781118094884 1119011876 9781119011873 |
| DOI | 10.1002/9781119011897 |
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| Abstract | This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is covered in Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3; the “Classical” photon detectors – simple photoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and “Modern Photon Detectors” in Chapter 5.  Chapters 6 through 8 consider respectively individual elements and small arrays of elements the “readouts” (ROICs) used with large imaging arrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Set and The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, with emphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through 15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum, Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business. Some highlights of this new edition are that it • Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detector mechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices are tested, and real-life effects and problems • Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations, specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPA operation, operation of single element and very small FPAs, microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs • Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after information on related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics, vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detector analyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices. John David Vincent: Consultant after 50 years as an IR test engineer and system engineer (SBRC, Amber Engineering, Raytheon Infrared Operations, FLIR-Indigo). His interests include uncertainty analysis, radiometrics, data analysis and presentation. Steve Hodges (Principal Senior Scientist, Alion Science and Technology) has developed fire detection and suppression systems for 30 years. John Vampola (Principal Engineering Fellow, Raytheon Vision Systems) has specialized in ROIC and FPA design and applications for 35 years.    Mark Stegall and Greg Pierce. (Founder and CEO respectively SE-IR Corporation, Goleta, CA) have designed and produced test electronics for FPA evaluation and imaging demonstrations for over 25 years. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is covered in Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3; the “Classical” photon detectors – simple photoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and “Modern Photon Detectors” in Chapter 5.  Chapters 6 through 8 consider respectively individual elements and small arrays of elements the “readouts” (ROICs) used with large imaging arrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Set and The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, with emphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through 15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum, Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business. Some highlights of this new edition are that it • Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detector mechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices are tested, and real-life effects and problems • Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations, specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPA operation, operation of single element and very small FPAs, microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs • Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after information on related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics, vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detector analyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices. John David Vincent: Consultant after 50 years as an IR test engineer and system engineer (SBRC, Amber Engineering, Raytheon Infrared Operations, FLIR-Indigo). His interests include uncertainty analysis, radiometrics, data analysis and presentation. Steve Hodges (Principal Senior Scientist, Alion Science and Technology) has developed fire detection and suppression systems for 30 years. John Vampola (Principal Engineering Fellow, Raytheon Vision Systems) has specialized in ROIC and FPA design and applications for 35 years.    Mark Stegall and Greg Pierce. (Founder and CEO respectively SE-IR Corporation, Goleta, CA) have designed and produced test electronics for FPA evaluation and imaging demonstrations for over 25 years. Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is covered in Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3; the "Classical" photon detectors - simple photoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and "Modern Photon Detectors" in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 through 8 consider respectively individual elements and small arrays of elements the "readouts" (ROICs) used with large imaging arrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Set and The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, with emphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through 15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum, Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business. Some highlights of this new edition are that it Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detector mechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices are tested, and real-life effects and problems Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations, specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPA operation, operation of single element and very small FPAs, microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after information on related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics, vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detector analyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices. Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrareddevices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is covered in Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3; the "Classical" photon detectors – simple photoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and "Modern Photon Detectors" in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 through 8 consider respectively individual elements and small arrays of elements the "readouts" (ROICs) used with large imaging arrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Set and The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, with emphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through 15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum, Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business. Some highlights of this new edition are that it * Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detector mechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices are tested, and real-life effects and problems * Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations, specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPA operation, operation of single element and very small FPAs, microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs * Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after information on related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics, vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detector analyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices. This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. This book provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices. Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and their operation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those who work in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train others in the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is covered in Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3; the "Classical" photon detectors - simple photoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and "Modern Photon Detectors" in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 through 8 consider respectively individual elements and small arrays of elements the "readouts" (ROICs) used with large imaging arrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Set and The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, with emphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through 15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum, Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business. Some highlights of this new edition are that it Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detector mechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices are tested, and real-life effects and problems Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations, specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPA operation, operation of single element and very small FPAs, microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after information on related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics, vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detector analyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabulary necessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, and testing of modern infrared devices. |
| Author | Hodges, Steve Stegall, Mark Vampola, John Pierce, Greg Vincent, John David |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: John David surname: Vincent fullname: Vincent, John David organization: Santa Barbara Research Center, California – sequence: 2 givenname: Steve surname: Hodges fullname: Hodges, Steve – sequence: 3 givenname: John surname: Vampola fullname: Vampola, John – sequence: 4 givenname: Mark surname: Stegall fullname: Stegall, Mark – sequence: 5 givenname: Greg surname: Pierce fullname: Pierce, Greg |
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| Keywords | intrusion alarms electronics The Testing Process Optics Fourier Transforms Vacuum Thermal Detectors Cryogenics Readout Integrated Circuits (ROICs) Radiometry Classical Photon Detectors Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) motion detectors radiometric calculations Modern Photon Detectors Single Detector Assemblies Small Arrays Test Equipment Focal Plane Assemblies Test Set fire sensors Electronics for ROIC Operation detector mechanisms Fourier Methods for Detectors Single Element Detector Assemblies and Small Arrays |
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| Snippet | This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector... This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visible detectors. The book provides a convenient reference for those entering the field of IR detector... Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrareddevices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and... Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and... Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection, operation, and testing of infrared devices, including a description of modern detector assemblies and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aerospace Communication, Networking and Broadcast Technologies Components, Circuits, Devices and Systems Computing and Processing Fields, Waves and Electromagnetics Infrared detectors Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation Optical detectors Photonics and Electrooptics Signal Processing and Analysis Testing Methods Transportation |
| TableOfContents | Foreword ix Preface xiii About the Companion Website xv UNIT I DETECTOR BASICS 1 1 Introduction and Overview 3 2 Radiometry 25 3 Thermal Detectors: Mechanisms, Operation, and Performance 85 4 Classical Photon Detectors: Simple Photoconductor and Photovoltaics 105 5 Modern Photon Detectors 149 UNIT II DETECTOR ASSEMBLIES 171 6 Single Detector Assemblies and Small Arrays 173 7 Readout Integrated Circuits 191 8 Electronics for FPA Operation 237 UNIT III TESTING 257 9 Test Equipment 259 10 Detector Testing 315 UNIT IV RELATED SKILLS 379 11 Measurements and Uncertainty 381 12 Cryogenics 407 13 Vacuum 441 14 Optics and Optical Materials 469 15 Fourier Analysis of Detector Problems 507 Appendix A – Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 549 Index 553 Title Page About the Companion Website Preface Table of Contents Unit I. Detector Basics 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Radiometry 3. Thermal Detectors: Mechanisms, Operation, and Performance 4. Classical Photon Detectors: Simple Photoconductor and Photovoltaics 5. Modern Photon Detectors Unit II. Detector Assemblies 6. Single Detector Assemblies and Small Arrays 7. Readout Integrated Circuits 8. Electronics for FPA Operation Unit III. Testing 9. Test Equipment 10. Detector Testing Unit IV. Related Skills 11. Measurements and Uncertainty 12. Cryogenics 13. Vacuum 14. Optics and Optical Materials 15. Fourier Analysis of Detector Problems Appendix A: Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms Index Chapter 6: Single Detector Assemblies and Small Arrays -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Detector Types -- 6.3 Applications -- 6.4 Required Electronic Functions -- 6.5 Mechanical Issues -- 6.6 Testing -- 6.7 The Future -- 6.8 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 7: Readout Integrated Circuits -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Functions Within the ROIC -- 7.3 Unit Cell Preamplifier Families -- 7.4 ROIC Figures of Merit and Testing -- 7.5 ROIC Calibration, Noise, and Nonlinearity -- 7.6 Handling of ROICs -- 7.7 Commisioning A Custom ROIC -- 7.8 Sources of Additional Information -- Reference -- Chapter 8: Electronics for FPA Operation -- 8.1 Starting Point and FPA Architecture -- 8.2 FPA Drive Signals -- 8.3 Outputs -- 8.4 Output Capture -- 8.5 Dedicated Electronics Versus Test Electronics -- 8.6 The Dewar and FPA Mounting -- 8.7 Setup and Test of an FPA -- Part III: Testing -- Chapter 9: Test Equipment -- 9.1 Types of Test Setups -- 9.2 Design and Documentation -- 9.3 Sources -- 9.4 Dewars and Chambers -- 9.5 Between The Source and The Detector -- 9.6 The Radiometric Calibration Problem -- 9.7 Electronics -- 9.8 Software -- 9.9 Test Set Evaluation and Troubleshooting -- 9.10 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 10: Detector Testing -- 10.1 Preparation -- 10.2 Nature of The "Raw Data" -- 10.3 Measurement of General Detector Characteristics -- 10.4 Testing Unique to FPAs -- 10.5 "Other Tests" - Special Situations -- 10.6 Calibration of The UUT -- 10.7 Test Reports -- 10.8 Testing in Other Spectral Regions: X-Rays, UV, Visible -- 10.9 The Future -- 10.10 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Part IV: Related Skills -- Chapter 11: Measurements and Uncertainty -- 11.1 Measurements1 -- 11.2 Experimental Error -- 11.3 Estimating Uncertainties -- 11.4 Probability -- 11.5 Propagation of Errors 11.6 Reporting Uncertainties -- 11.7 The Ethics of Scientific Work -- 11.8 Overall Test Task -- 11.9 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 12: Cryogenics -- 12.1 Cryogens -- 12.2 Thermal Properties of Solids -- 12.3 Dewar Design -- 12.4 Refrigerators -- 12.5 Temperature Measurement -- 12.6 Cryogenics and Safety -- 12.7 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 13: Vacuum -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Gauges -- 13.3 Pumps -- 13.4 Pumping Dynamics -- 13.5 Leaks -- 13.6 Adequate Vacuum for Test Dewars -- 13.7 Vacuum and Safety -- 13.8 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 14: Optics and Optical Materials -- 14.1 Infrared Optical Materials -- 14.2 Geometrical Optics -- 14.3 Reflectance and Transmittance -- 14.4 Interference Effects -- 14.5 Diffraction -- 14.6 Lenses -- 14.7 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 15: Fourier Analysis of Detector Problems -- 15.1 Introduction and Preliminaries -- 15.2 Aids to Application of the Fourier Transforms -- 15.3 Discussion and Examples of Fourier Transforms -- 15.4 Complications Associated with Real Data -- 15.5 Fourier Methods for Real Data - The DFT and FFT -- 15.6 The Transfer Function and Its Application -- 15.7 Correlation and Convolution -- 15.8 Other Applications of the Fourier Processes -- 15.9 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Appendix A: Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms -- Index -- Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics -- End User License Agreement Intro -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Companion Website -- Part I: Detector Basics -- Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview -- 1.1 Electromagnetic Radiation -- 1.2 Heat Transfer -- 1.3 Thermal Detectors -- 1.4 Planck's Law -- 1.5 Waves and Photons -- 1.6 Quantum (Photon) Detectors Versus Thermal Detectors -- 1.7 Detectors as Transducers -- 1.8 Detector Parameters: Definitions -- 1.9 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 2: Radiometry -- 2.1 The General Problem and Our Approach -- 2.2 Spectral Content -- 2.3 Spatial Integral -- 2.4 Time Dependence (Modulation) -- 2.5 Examples and Cases of Special Interest -- 2.6 Fortran Computer Code for Radiometric Calculations -- 2.7 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 3: Thermal Detectors: Mechanisms, Operation, and Performance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Performance Predictions -- 3.3 Specific Thermal Detectors -- 3.4 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Chapter 4: Classical Photon Detectors: Simple Photoconductor and Photovoltaics -- 4.1 Bandgap and Spectral Response of Photon Detectors -- 4.2 Temperature Dependence -- 4.3 Classical Detectors -- 4.4 Detector Materials and Choice Between PC and PV Devices -- 4.5 Photocurrent and Responsivity: First-Order Predictions -- 4.6 Noise: First-Order Prediction -- 4.7 Composite Figures of Merit -- 4.8 Better Detector Models -- 4.9 Detector Operation -- 4.10 Front-End Electronics: Bias Control and Load Line -- References -- Chapter 5: Modern Photon Detectors -- 5.1 Detector Materials -- 5.2 PC Detectors and Simple Variations -- 5.3 PV Detectors and Variants -- 5.4 Structures Using Lattice-Engineered Materials -- 5.5 Sources of Additional Information -- References -- Part II: Detector Assemblies |
| Title | Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation and Testing |
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