Groundwater mixing and mineralization processes in a mountain–oasis–desert basin, northwest China: hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracer indicators

Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers ( 2 H, 18 O, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine groundwater recharge sources, and to identify mixing characteristics and mineralization processes in the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a...

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Published in	Hydrogeology journal Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 233 - 250
Main Authors	Ma, Bin, Jin, Menggui, Liang, Xing, Li, Jing
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2018 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Alluvial plains ALTITUDE Aquatic Pollution AQUIFERS Aridity basins Calcium CARBONATES CHINA CLIMATES Desert environments DESERTS DEUTERIUM DISSOLUTION Dissolving Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences ECOSYSTEMS Environmental tracers EVAPORATION Geochemistry Geology Geophysics/Geodesy GEOSCIENCES GROUND WATER Groundwater Groundwater depletion Groundwater flow Groundwater irrigation GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Groundwater reservoirs High altitude Hydrogeochemistry Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Infiltration IRRIGATION Isotopes ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE Leakage LEAKS Local precipitation magnesium MINERALIZATION MINERALS Mixing Mixing processes Mountain regions MOUNTAINS Oases oxygen OXYGEN 18 piedmont PRECIPITATION Ratios Reservoir water River basins RIVERS ROCKS SILICATES sodium Soil soil minerals SOILS Stable isotopes Strontium STRONTIUM 86 STRONTIUM 87 Strontium isotopes Surface water SURFACE WATERS tracer techniques Tracers Vertical mixing Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Water Quality/Water Pollution WATER RESERVOIRS watersheds China Mineralization processes Arid regions Groundwater flow Stable isotopes China
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ISSN	1431-2174 1435-0157
DOI	10.1007/s10040-017-1659-0

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Abstract	Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers ( 2 H, 18 O, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine groundwater recharge sources, and to identify mixing characteristics and mineralization processes in the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a typical mountain–oasis–desert ecosystem in arid northwest China. The oasis component is artificial (irrigation). Groundwater with enriched stable isotope content originates from local precipitation and surface-water leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain. Groundwater with more depleted isotopes in the north oasis plain and desert is recharged by lateral flow from the adjacent mountains, for which recharge is associated with high altitude and/or paleo-water infiltrating during a period of much colder climate. Little evaporation and isotope exchange between groundwater and rock and soil minerals occurred in the mountain, piedmont and oasis plain. Groundwater δ 2 H and δ 18 O values show more homogeneous values along the groundwater flow direction and with well depths, indicating inter-aquifer mixing processes. A regional contrast of groundwater allows the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and δ 18 O values to be useful in a combination with Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and Sr concentrations to distinguish the groundwater mixing characteristics. Two main processes are identified: groundwater lateral-flow mixing and river leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain, and vertical mixing in the north oasis plain and the desert. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and selected ion ratios reveal that carbonate dissolution and mixing with silicate from the southern mountain area are primarily controlling the strontium isotope hydrogeochemistry.
AbstractList	Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers ( 2 H, 18 O, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine groundwater recharge sources, and to identify mixing characteristics and mineralization processes in the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a typical mountain–oasis–desert ecosystem in arid northwest China. The oasis component is artificial (irrigation). Groundwater with enriched stable isotope content originates from local precipitation and surface-water leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain. Groundwater with more depleted isotopes in the north oasis plain and desert is recharged by lateral flow from the adjacent mountains, for which recharge is associated with high altitude and/or paleo-water infiltrating during a period of much colder climate. Little evaporation and isotope exchange between groundwater and rock and soil minerals occurred in the mountain, piedmont and oasis plain. Groundwater δ 2 H and δ 18 O values show more homogeneous values along the groundwater flow direction and with well depths, indicating inter-aquifer mixing processes. A regional contrast of groundwater allows the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and δ 18 O values to be useful in a combination with Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and Sr concentrations to distinguish the groundwater mixing characteristics. Two main processes are identified: groundwater lateral-flow mixing and river leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain, and vertical mixing in the north oasis plain and the desert. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and selected ion ratios reveal that carbonate dissolution and mixing with silicate from the southern mountain area are primarily controlling the strontium isotope hydrogeochemistry. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers (2H, 18O, 87Sr/86Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine groundwater recharge sources, and to identify mixing characteristics and mineralization processes in the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a typical mountain–oasis–desert ecosystem in arid northwest China. The oasis component is artificial (irrigation). Groundwater with enriched stable isotope content originates from local precipitation and surface-water leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain. Groundwater with more depleted isotopes in the north oasis plain and desert is recharged by lateral flow from the adjacent mountains, for which recharge is associated with high altitude and/or paleo-water infiltrating during a period of much colder climate. Little evaporation and isotope exchange between groundwater and rock and soil minerals occurred in the mountain, piedmont and oasis plain. Groundwater δ2H and δ18O values show more homogeneous values along the groundwater flow direction and with well depths, indicating inter-aquifer mixing processes. A regional contrast of groundwater allows the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and δ18O values to be useful in a combination with Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and Sr concentrations to distinguish the groundwater mixing characteristics. Two main processes are identified: groundwater lateral-flow mixing and river leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain, and vertical mixing in the north oasis plain and the desert. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios and selected ion ratios reveal that carbonate dissolution and mixing with silicate from the southern mountain area are primarily controlling the strontium isotope hydrogeochemistry. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers ({sup 2}H, {sup 18}O, {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine groundwater recharge sources, and to identify mixing characteristics and mineralization processes in the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a typical mountain–oasis–desert ecosystem in arid northwest China. The oasis component is artificial (irrigation). Groundwater with enriched stable isotope content originates from local precipitation and surface-water leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain. Groundwater with more depleted isotopes in the north oasis plain and desert is recharged by lateral flow from the adjacent mountains, for which recharge is associated with high altitude and/or paleo-water infiltrating during a period of much colder climate. Little evaporation and isotope exchange between groundwater and rock and soil minerals occurred in the mountain, piedmont and oasis plain. Groundwater δ{sup 2}H and δ{sup 18}O values show more homogeneous values along the groundwater flow direction and with well depths, indicating inter-aquifer mixing processes. A regional contrast of groundwater allows the {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr ratios and δ{sup 18}O values to be useful in a combination with Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and Sr concentrations to distinguish the groundwater mixing characteristics. Two main processes are identified: groundwater lateral-flow mixing and river leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain, and vertical mixing in the north oasis plain and the desert. The {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr ratios and selected ion ratios reveal that carbonate dissolution and mixing with silicate from the southern mountain area are primarily controlling the strontium isotope hydrogeochemistry. Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers (²H, ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine groundwater recharge sources, and to identify mixing characteristics and mineralization processes in the Manas River Basin (MRB), which is a typical mountain–oasis–desert ecosystem in arid northwest China. The oasis component is artificial (irrigation). Groundwater with enriched stable isotope content originates from local precipitation and surface-water leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain. Groundwater with more depleted isotopes in the north oasis plain and desert is recharged by lateral flow from the adjacent mountains, for which recharge is associated with high altitude and/or paleo-water infiltrating during a period of much colder climate. Little evaporation and isotope exchange between groundwater and rock and soil minerals occurred in the mountain, piedmont and oasis plain. Groundwater δ²H and δ¹⁸O values show more homogeneous values along the groundwater flow direction and with well depths, indicating inter-aquifer mixing processes. A regional contrast of groundwater allows the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and δ¹⁸O values to be useful in a combination with Cl, Na, Mg, Ca and Sr concentrations to distinguish the groundwater mixing characteristics. Two main processes are identified: groundwater lateral-flow mixing and river leakage in the piedmont alluvial–oasis plain, and vertical mixing in the north oasis plain and the desert. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and selected ion ratios reveal that carbonate dissolution and mixing with silicate from the southern mountain area are primarily controlling the strontium isotope hydrogeochemistry.
Author	Jin, Menggui Li, Jing Liang, Xing Ma, Bin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Bin surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Bin organization: State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Menggui surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Menggui email: mgjin@cug.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Xing surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Xing organization: School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, China University of Geosciences – sequence: 4 givenname: Jing surname: Li fullname: Li, Jing organization: School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences
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Snippet	Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers ( 2 H, 18 O, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine... Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers (2H, 18O, 87Sr/86Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine... Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers (²H, ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been used to determine... Hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracers ({sup 2}H, {sup 18}O, {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr) in precipitation, river and reservoir water, and groundwater have been...
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SubjectTerms	Alluvial plains ALTITUDE Aquatic Pollution AQUIFERS Aridity basins Calcium CARBONATES CHINA CLIMATES Desert environments DESERTS DEUTERIUM DISSOLUTION Dissolving Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences ECOSYSTEMS Environmental tracers EVAPORATION Geochemistry Geology Geophysics/Geodesy GEOSCIENCES GROUND WATER Groundwater Groundwater depletion Groundwater flow Groundwater irrigation GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Groundwater reservoirs High altitude Hydrogeochemistry Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Infiltration IRRIGATION Isotopes ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE Leakage LEAKS Local precipitation magnesium MINERALIZATION MINERALS Mixing Mixing processes Mountain regions MOUNTAINS Oases oxygen OXYGEN 18 piedmont PRECIPITATION Ratios Reservoir water River basins RIVERS ROCKS SILICATES sodium Soil soil minerals SOILS Stable isotopes Strontium STRONTIUM 86 STRONTIUM 87 Strontium isotopes Surface water SURFACE WATERS tracer techniques Tracers Vertical mixing Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Water Quality/Water Pollution WATER RESERVOIRS watersheds
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Title	Groundwater mixing and mineralization processes in a mountain–oasis–desert basin, northwest China: hydrogeochemistry and environmental tracer indicators
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