Use of near-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish carbon and nitrogen originating from char and forest-floor material in soils: usefulness of a genetic algorithm
Several algorithms exist for the calibration procedures of near‐infrared spectra in soil‐scientific studies, but the potential of a genetic algorithm (GA) for spectral feature selection and interpretation has not yet been sufficiently explored. Objectives were (1) to test the usefulness of near‐infr...
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| Published in | Journal of plant nutrition and soil science Vol. 174; no. 5; pp. 695 - 701 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Weinheim
WILEY-VCH Verlag
01.10.2011
WILEY‐VCH Verlag |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1436-8730 1522-2624 |
| DOI | 10.1002/jpln.201000226 |
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| Abstract | Several algorithms exist for the calibration procedures of near‐infrared spectra in soil‐scientific studies, but the potential of a genetic algorithm (GA) for spectral feature selection and interpretation has not yet been sufficiently explored. Objectives were (1) to test the usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for a prediction of C and N from char and forest‐floor Oa material in soils using either a partial least squares (PLS) method or a GA‐PLS approach and (2) to discuss the mechanisms of GA feature selection for the examined constituents. Calibration and validation were carried out for measured reflectance spectra in the visible and near‐IR region (400–2500 nm) on an existing set of 432 artificial mixtures of C‐free soil, char (lignite, anthracite, charcoal, or a mixture of the three coals), and forest‐floor Oa material. For all constituents (total C and N, C and N from all coals and from the Oa material, C derived from mixed coal, charcoal, lignite, and anthracite), the GA‐PLS approach was superior over the full‐spectrum PLS method. The RPD values (ratio of standard deviation of the laboratory results to standard error of prediction) ranged from 2.4 to 5.1 in the validation and indicated a better category of prediction for three constituents: “approximate quantitative” instead of a “distinction between high and low” for C derived from mixed coal and “good” instead of “approximate quantitative” for C and N derived from all coals. Overall, this study indicates that the approach using GA may have a greater potential than the PLS method in NIRS. |
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| AbstractList | Several algorithms exist for the calibration procedures of near‐infrared spectra in soil‐scientific studies, but the potential of a genetic algorithm (GA) for spectral feature selection and interpretation has not yet been sufficiently explored. Objectives were (1) to test the usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for a prediction of C and N from char and forest‐floor Oa material in soils using either a partial least squares (PLS) method or a GA‐PLS approach and (2) to discuss the mechanisms of GA feature selection for the examined constituents. Calibration and validation were carried out for measured reflectance spectra in the visible and near‐IR region (400–2500 nm) on an existing set of 432 artificial mixtures of C‐free soil, char (lignite, anthracite, charcoal, or a mixture of the three coals), and forest‐floor Oa material. For all constituents (total C and N, C and N from all coals and from the Oa material, C derived from mixed coal, charcoal, lignite, and anthracite), the GA‐PLS approach was superior over the full‐spectrum PLS method. The RPD values (ratio of standard deviation of the laboratory results to standard error of prediction) ranged from 2.4 to 5.1 in the validation and indicated a better category of prediction for three constituents: “approximate quantitative” instead of a “distinction between high and low” for C derived from mixed coal and “good” instead of “approximate quantitative” for C and N derived from all coals. Overall, this study indicates that the approach using GA may have a greater potential than the PLS method in NIRS. |
| Author | Ludwig, Bernard Michel, Kerstin Vohland, Michael |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael surname: Vohland fullname: Vohland, Michael organization: Remote Sensing Department, University of Trier, Campus II, 54286 Trier, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Kerstin surname: Michel fullname: Michel, Kerstin organization: Unit of Soil Biology, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131 Wien, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Bernard surname: Ludwig fullname: Ludwig, Bernard email: bludwig@uni-kassel.de organization: Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstraße 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.05.032 10.1002/jpln.200521712 10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00087-6 10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900020014x 10.1002/jpln.200700246 10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00229-X 10.1071/SR03013 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00776.x 10.1016/S0016-7061(98)00036-6 10.1002/jpln.200700022 10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500060031x 10.2136/sssaj2002.6400a 10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00029-8 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.011 10.1097/00010694-200202000-00003 10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.08.003 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.007 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01178.x 10.1007/s11104-010-0285-6 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2005.05.001 10.2527/jas1976.434889x 10.2134/agronj2009.0002 10.1071/SR9960251 10.2136/sssaj2001.652480x 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00357-9 10.2136/sssaj2002.1249 10.1029/1999GB001208 10.1097/00010694-196508000-00009 10.2136/sssaj2005.0116 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90074-I 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00467-X 10.1255/jnirs.642 |
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| References_xml | – reference: Michel, K. , Bruns, C. , Terhoeven-Urselmans, T. , Kleikamp, B. , Ludwig, B. (2006): Determination of chemical and biological properties of composts using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Near Infrared Spec. 14, 251-259. – reference: Bowers, S. A. , Hanks, R. J. (1965): Reflection of radiant energy from soils. Soil Sci. 100, 130-138. – reference: Leifeld, J. (2006): Application of diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy and partial least-squares regression to predict NMR properties of soil organic matter. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 57, 846-857. – reference: Ludwig, B. , Nitschke, R. , Terhoeven-Urselmans, T. , Michel, K. , Flessa, H. (2008): Use of mid-infrared spectroscopy in the diffuse reflectance mode for the prediction of the composition of organic matter in soil and litter. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 171, 384-391. – reference: Terhoeven-Urselmans, T. , Michel, K. , Helfrich, M. , Flessa, H. , Ludwig, B. (2006): Near-infrared spectroscopy can predict the composition of organic matter in soil and litter. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 169, 168-174. – reference: Michel, K. , Terhoeven-Urselmans, T. , Nitschke, R. , Steffan, P. , Ludwig, B. (2009): Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy are able to distinguish between C and N originating from different coals and forest floor Oa material in soils. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 162, 63-70. – reference: Fang, L. M. , Feng, A. M. , Lin, M. (2010): Rapid prediction of total organic carbon content and CEC in soil using visible/near infrared spectroscopy. Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 30, 327-330. – reference: Borer, M. W. , Zhou, X. J. , Hays, D. M. , Hofer, J. D. , White, K. C. (1998): Evaluation of key sources of variability in the measurement of pharmaceutical drug products by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 17, 641-650. – reference: Kiem, R. , Knicker, H. , Ligouis, B. , Kögel-Knabner, I. (2003): Airborne contaminants in the refractory organic carbon fraction of arable soils in highly industrialized areas. Geoderma 114, 109-137. – reference: Saeys, W. , Mouazen, A. M. , Ramon, H. (2005): Potential for onsite and online analysis of pig manure using visible and near infrared spectroscopy. Biosyst. Eng. 91, 393-402. – reference: Terhoeven-Urselmans, T. , Schmidt, H. , Jörgensen, R. G. , Ludwig, B. (2008): Usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy to determine soil biological and chemical characteristics: importance of sample treatment. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40, 1178-1188. – reference: Leifeld, J. , Reiser, R. , Oberholzer, H. R. (2009): Consequences of conventional versus organic farming on soil carbon: results from a 27-year field experiment. Agron. J. 101, 1204-1218. – reference: Schmidt, M. W. I. , Noack, A. G. (2000): Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges. Global Biogeochem. 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| Title | Use of near-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish carbon and nitrogen originating from char and forest-floor material in soils: usefulness of a genetic algorithm |
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