Vehicle Noise, Vibration, and Sound Quality
Gives readers a working knowledge of vehicle vibration, noise, and sound quality. The knowledge it imparts can be applied to analyse real-world problems and devise solutions that reduce vibration, control noise, and improve sound quality in all vehicles - ground, aerospace, rail, and marine.
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| Main Author | |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Warrendale
SAE International
2012
|
| Edition | 1 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 0768034841 9780768034844 0768075130 9780768075137 |
| DOI | 10.4271/R-400 |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- Cover -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Vehicle Vibrations and Sound -- 1.1 Vehicle vibrations and sound -- 1.1.1 Vehicle systems, subsystems, and components -- 1.1.2 Sources, paths, and receivers of vibrations and sound -- 1.2 Characteristics of vehicle vibrations and sound -- 1.3 Significance of vehicle vibrations and sound -- Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Vehicle Vibrations and Sound -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fundamentals of vibration -- 2.2.1 Vibration of linear discrete and continuous systems -- 2.2.2 Random vibrations -- 2.3 Fundamentals of sound -- 2.3.1 Airborne sound and measures -- 2.3.2 Sound perception and weighting curves -- 2.3.3 Sound wave equation -- 2.3.4 Sound radiation of structures -- 2.3.5 Acoustic wave transmission, adsorption, and reflection -- 2.4 Analysis and testing approaches -- 2.4.1 Finite element and boundary element methods -- 2.4.2 Modal analysis and modal synthesis methods -- 2.4.3 Transfer path analysis -- 2.4.4 Statistical energy analysis -- 2.4.5 Testing techniques -- 2.5 Control of vehicle vibrations and sound -- 2.5.1 Basic features of vehicle vibrations and noise -- 2.5.2 Mode mapping and frequency separation of subsystems/components -- 2.5.3 Vibration reduction using isolator and absorber -- 2.5.4 Damping treatment -- 2.5.5 Noise control through insulation -- 2.5.6 Noise control through absorption material or structure -- 2.5.7 Active and semi-active control of noise and vibrations -- 2.5.8 Fundamentals of sound quality -- Chapter 3 Powertrain Vibrations and Sound -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Engine vibrations -- 3.2.1 Engine vibration sources -- 3.2.2 Torsional vibrations -- 3.2.3 Bending vibrations of engine crankshaft -- 3.3 Engine noise -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Engine noise sources -- 3.3.3 Combustion noise -- 3.3.4 Engine mechanical noise
- 4.7.3 Vehicle structure vibrations of low frequency -- 4.7.4 Seat vibrations -- 4.7.5 Steering wheel system vibrations -- Chapter 5 Evaluation of Vehicle Vibrations and Sound -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Noise and sound quality evaluation -- 5.2.1 Pass-by noise: Regulatory requirement -- 5.2.2 Interior noise: customer requirement -- 5.2.3 Sound quality: customer perception -- 5.3 Vibration evaluation -- 5.3.1 Body characteristics under vibration environment -- 5.3.2 Discomfort and subjective evaluation -- 5.3.3 Objective evaluation of ride discomfort -- 5.3.4 Linear human body modeling -- 5.3.5 Objective evaluation of seats -- 5.3.6 Vehicle vibration evaluation -- Index -- About the Author
- 3.4 Transmission vibrations and noise -- 3.4.1 Transmission whine -- 3.4.2 Transmission rattle -- 3.4.3 Clutch system vibrations and noise -- 3.5 Sound in air intake and exhaust systems -- 3.5.1 Noise in air intake system -- 3.5.2 Sound in air exhaust systems -- 3.6 Drivetrain vibrations and noise -- 3.6.1 Driveline system and vibration and noise -- 3.6.2 Run-out, second-order excitation, unbalance, and critical speed of shaft -- 3.6.3 Vibrations and noise in driveline systems -- 3.7 Powertrain system vibration isolation -- 3.7.1 Vibration isolation -- 3.7.2 Isolation evaluation using six-degree-of-freedom model -- 3.7.3. Engine mounts -- 3.7.4 Optimization of powertrain vibration isolation -- Chapter 4 Vibrations and Sounds of Body and Chassis Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Vehicle interior noise: structure-borne noise -- 4.2.1 Vehicle body structural vibration mode and sensitivity, acoustic modes of vehicle compartment -- 4.2.2 Structural vibration, noise, and damping treatment -- 4.2.3 Excitation transmissions of body structure connection points -- 4.2.4 Sources of structure-borne interior noise -- 4.3 Vehicle interior noise: airborne noise -- 4.3.1 Sources of airborne noise -- 4.3.2 Powertrain airborne noise -- 4.3.3 Road and tire noise mechanisms -- 4.3.4 Sound treatment of vehicle -- 4.4 Wind noise -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Wind noise mechanism and testing -- 4.4.3 The analysis of wind noise -- 4.4.4 Wind noise abatement -- 4.5 Squeak and rattle -- 4.5.1 Friction- and impact-induced vibrations and noise -- 4.5.2 Squeak and rattle control -- 4.6 Brake system vibration and noise -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 Low-frequency vibration and noise -- 4.6.3 Low-frequency squeal -- 4.6.4 High-frequency squeal -- 4.7 Vehicle low-frequency vibrations -- 4.7.1 Introduction -- 4.7.2 Whole vehicle vibrations at low frequency and ride dynamics
- Preface ix Chapter 1 Introduction to Vehicle Vibrations and Sound 1 1.1 Vehicle vibrations and sound . 2 1.1.1 Vehicle systems, subsystems, and components 2 1.1.2 Sources, paths, and receivers of vibrations and sound 3 1.2 Characteristics of vehicle vibrations and sound 3 1.3 Significance of vehicle vibrations and sound . 7 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Vehicle Vibrations and Sound 11 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Fundamentals of vibration 12 2.2.1 Vibration of linear discrete and continuous systems 12 2.2.2 Random vibrations . 34 2.3 Fundamentals of sound 49 2.3.1 Airborne sound and measures . 50 2.3.2 Sound perception and weighting curves 51 2.3.3 Sound wave equation 55 2.3.4 Sound radiation of structures . 58 2.3.5 Acoustic wave transmission, adsorption, and reflection 59 2.4 Analysis and testing approaches 62 2.4.1 Finite element and boundary element methods . 62 2.4.2 Modal analysis and modal synthesis methods . 73 2.4.3 Transfer path analysis . 83 2.4.4 Statistical energy analysis 98 2.4.5 Testing techniques . 111 2.5 Control of vehicle vibrations and sound 126 2.5.1 Basic features of vehicle vibrations and noise . 126 2.5.2 Mode mapping and frequency separation of subsystems/components 130 2.5.3 Vibration reduction using isolator and absorber 131 2.5.4 Damping treatment 133 2.5.5 Noise control through insulation . 133 2.5.6 Noise control through absorption material or structure . 134 2.5.7 Active and semi-active control of noise and vibrations 136 2.5.8 Fundamentals of sound quality 150 Chapter 3 Powertrain Vibrations and Sound 169 3.1 Introduction 170 3.2 Engine vibrations . 170 3.2.1 Engine vibration sources 171 3.2.2 Torsional vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 3.2.3 Bending vibrations of engine crankshaft 203 3.3 Engine noise 204 3.3.1 Introduction 204 3.3.2 Engine noise sources . 206 3.3.3 Combustion noise 209 3.3.4 Engine mechanical noise 218 3.4 Transmission vibrations and noise 238 3.4.1 Transmission whine 238 3.4.2 Transmission rattle . 241 3.4.3 Clutch system vibrations and noise . 243 3.5 Sound in air intake and exhaust systems . 247 3.5.1 Noise in air intake system . 247 3.5.2 Sound in air exhaust systems . 268 3.6 Drivetrain vibrations and noise . 292 3.6.1 Driveline system and vibration and noise . 292 3.6.2 Run-out, second-order excitation, unbalance, and critical speed of shaft 294 3.6.3 Vibrations and noise in driveline systems . 300 3.7 Powertrain system vibration isolation . 302 3.7.1 Vibration isolation 302 3.7.2 Isolation evaluation using six-degree-of-freedom model . 304 3.7.3. Engine mounts . 312 3.7.4 Optimization of powertrain vibration isolation . 316 Chapter 4 Vibrations and Sounds of Body and Chassis Systems . 327 4.1 Introduction 328 4.2 Vehicle interior noise: structure-borne noise . 329 4.2.1 Vehicle body structural vibration mode and sensitivity, acoustic modes of vehicle compartment 329 4.2.2 Structural vibration, noise, and damping treatment 337 4.2.3 Excitation transmissions of body structure connection points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343 4.2.4 Sources of structure-borne interior noise 347 4.3 Vehicle interior noise: airborne noise 355 4.3.1 Sources of airborne noise 355 4.3.2 Powertrain airborne noise 356 4.3.3 Road and tire noise mechanisms . 357 4.3.4 Sound treatment of vehicle 362 4.4 Wind noise 375 4.4.1 Introduction 375 4.4.2 Wind noise mechanism and testing . 376 4.4.3 The analysis of wind noise . 381 4.4.4 Wind noise abatement . 385 4.5 Squeak and rattle 387 4.5.1 Friction- and impact-induced vibrations and noise . 388 4.5.2 Squeak and rattle control . 390 4.6 Brake system vibration and noise . 393 4.6.1 Introduction 393 4.6.2 Low-frequency vibration and noise 399 4.6.3 Low-frequency squeal . 402 4.6.4 High-frequency squeal . 403 4.7 Vehicle low-frequency vibrations . 405 4.7.1 Introduction 405 4.7.2 Whole vehicle vibrations at low frequency and ride dynamics 406 4.7.3 Vehicle structure vibrations of low frequency 424 4.7.4 Seat vibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432 4.7.5 Steering wheel system vibrations . 435 Chapter 5 Evaluation of Vehicle Vibrations and Sound 447 5.1 Introduction 448 5.2 Noise and sound quality evaluation . 448 5.2.1 Pass-by noise: Regulatory requirement . 448 5.2.2 Interior noise: customer requirement . 454 5.2.3 Sound quality: customer perception 461 5.3 Vibration evaluation 469 5.3.1 Body characteristics under vibration environment . 469 5.3.2 Discomfort and subjective evaluation 469 5.3.3 Objective evaluation of ride discomfort 472 5.3.4 Linear human body modeling 474 5.3.5 Objective evaluation of seats . 476 5.3.6 Vehicle vibration evaluation 479 Index 485 About the Author . 493