Structural Cross Sections Analysis and Design

• Main Authors: Anwar, Naveed, Najam, Fawad Ahmed
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Chantilly Elsevier Science & Technology 2016; Butterworth-Heinemann
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Structural design; Structural engineering
• ISBN: 9780128044438; 0128044438

Structural Cross Sections: Analysis and Design provides valuable information on this key component in almost all aspects of theoretical formulation, computer applications, practical analysis, and design, from their properties, to their modeling and analysis process, especially for complex shapes. Th...

Table of Contents:

• Axial-Flexural Response -- Shear and Torsion Response -- Ductility of Cross-Sections -- Cross-Sectional Design -- References -- Further Reading -- Two. Understanding Cross-Sections -- Introduction -- Definition of Cross-Sections -- Significance of Cross-Sections -- Developing an Integrated Understanding -- Applications and Classification of Cross-Sections -- Overview -- Classifications Based on Types of Structural Members -- Classifications Based on Geometry -- Classifications Based on "Compressed Zone" -- Slender Sections -- Compact Sections -- Plastic Sections -- Classifications Based on Material Composition -- Classifications Based on Method of Construction -- Definition and Representation -- Overview -- Defining Geometry -- The standard Cross-Sections -- The Parametrically Defined Simple Sections -- The Built-Up and Composite Sections -- Complex and Arbitrary Shapes -- Defining Materials -- Why Material Behavior is Important? -- Basic Properties of Materials -- Directional Behavior-Based Classification of Materials -- Is it Easy to Determine and Define Material Properties? -- Brittle and Ductile Materials -- Classification Based on Stress-Strain Behavior -- Generalized Stress-Strain Curves -- Idealized Stress-Strain Curves for Steel -- Idealized Stress-Strain Curves for Unconfined Concrete -- Cross-Section Properties-An Overview -- Difference Between Geometric and Cross-Sectional Properties -- Role of Cross-Section Properties in Section Stiffness -- Classification of Cross-Sectional Properties -- Reference Axis -- The Global Axes -- The Local Member Axes -- The Cross-Section Coordinate Axes -- Basic Cross-Section Properties -- Computation of Section Properties -- The Modular Ratio -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Cross-Section Area -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation
• Front Cover -- Structural Cross-Sections -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- One. Structures and Structural Design -- The Hierarchy of Structures and Their Components -- Physical Structures -- Cable Structures: Using Cables as the Main Member Type -- Skeletal Structures: Using Beam-Type Members -- Spatial Structures: Using the Membrane/Plate/Shell-Type Members -- Solid Structures: Using the Solid-Type Members -- Mixed Structures: Using One or More of the Basic Element Types -- Structural Members -- Member Cross-Sections -- The Structural Materials -- Designing the Structures -- The Design Objectives and Philosophy-A Historical Overview -- The Role of Building Codes -- Historical Development -- Disaster Resilience and Environmental Sustainability in Building Codes -- Typical Structural Design Process -- Analysis and Design Levels -- Traditional Approaches to Structural Design -- Working Stress Design -- Ultimate Strength Design -- Limit State Design Concept -- Shortcomings of Traditional Building Codes -- From Force-Based to Displacement-Based Design -- The Performance-Based Design -- The Building Blocks of Structural Mechanics -- Basic Concepts and Relationships -- The Concept of Stiffness -- The Structural Equilibrium and Role of Stiffness -- The Nonlinearity of Response and Stiffness -- The Concept of Degree of Freedom (DOF) -- Member Cross-Sections and the DOFs -- DOFs, Deformations, Strains, and Stresses -- Stress Resultants and DOFs -- Linear, Elastic Stiffness Relationships -- Deformations for Applied Actions: Flexibility Relationships -- Restraining Actions for Assumed Deformations -- The Member Stiffness and Cross-Sectional Properties -- Cross-Sectional Analysis and Design -- The Significance of Cross-Sections in Design Process -- Cross-Sectional Analysis
• Moments of Area and Moments of Inertia -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Shear Areas -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Torsional and Warping Properties -- Definition -- Torsional Constant for Thin-Walled Open Shapes -- Significance -- The Torsional Constant -- The Warping Constant -- Mathematical Computation -- The General Torsional Equations -- Finite Element Solution for Torsional Constant -- Plastic Section Moduli -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical computation -- Derived Cross-Section Properties -- Overview -- The Geometric, Elastic, Plastic, and Shear Centers -- Definitions -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Elastic Section Moduli -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Radii of Gyration -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Principal Properties -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Specific Properties of RC Sections -- Overview -- Equivalent Transformed Properties -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Cracked Properties -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Specific Properties of Steel Sections -- Overview -- Net Area and Effective Net Area -- Width-to-Thickness Ratio -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Height-to-Web Thickness Ratio -- Definition -- Significance -- Mathematical Computation -- Numerical Computations of Section Properties -- Overview-The Point, Polyline, and Polygon Method -- Accuracy of the Polygon and Polyline Methods -- Using Meshing to Compute Properties -- Meshing of Sections Made Up from Polygon Shapes -- Meshing of a Single Polygon -- Merging of Shapes -- Solved Examples -- Cross-Sectional Area and Bearing Area -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- Specific Length -- Given -- Solution -- Result
• Shear Stress Due to Torsion
• Properties of a Transformed Section -- Given -- Solution -- Results -- First and Second Moment of Areas -- Given -- Solution -- Results -- Principal Axes, Moment of Inertia, and Radius of Gyration -- Given -- Solution -- Results -- Given -- Solution -- Results -- Torsional Constant -- Given -- Solution -- Angle of Twist and Allowable Torque -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- Given -- Solution (a) -- Solution (b) -- Results -- Maximum Bending Stress -- Given -- Solution -- Results -- Shear Center of a Section -- Given -- Solution -- Results -- Effect of Cross-Sectional Shape on Moment of Inertia -- Results -- Unsolved Examples -- Symbols and Notation -- References -- Further Reading -- Three. Axial-Flexual Response of Cross-Sections -- Cross-Section Response -- Overview -- Actions, Stresses, Stress Resultants, and Capacity -- External Actions and Internal Stresses -- Combined Axial Stress-The Basic Equation -- The Usefulness and Applicability of the Combined Stress Equation -- The Combined Stress Ratio for Axial Stress -- Interaction of Stresses Due to Axial Load and Moment -- Principal Stresses and the Mohr's Circle -- The Basic Concept -- Significance of Principal Stresses in RC Beam Design -- Axial-Flexural Stress Resultants -- The Diversity of the Problem and the Need for Unified Approach -- The Unification of Cross-Section Materials -- The Unification of Cross-Section Shapes and Configurations -- The Unification of Line-Type Structural Members -- The Unification of Design Approaches and Design Codes -- The General Stress Resultant Equations -- The Basic Assumptions, Their Necessity, and Validity -- The Basic Stress Resultant Equations-Simple Formulation -- Integrating Design Codes -- The Generalized Cross-Section and Materials -- Extended Formulation of Stress Resultant Equations -- Determination of Stress Field -- Generation of Stress Profile
• Determination of Strain Distribution -- Computing the BIAXIAL-FEXURAL Stress Resultants -- Determining the Strain Profile -- What Strain Profile to Use? -- The Concept of Neutral Axis -- Where Is the Neutral Axis? -- The Practical Strain Distribution -- Determination of Stress From Strain -- Discretization of Cross-Section and Stress Field -- Computation of Final Stress Resultants -- The Use of General Stress Resultant Equations -- The Capacity Interaction Surface -- Generation of the Interaction Surface -- Simplified Procedure -- Extended Procedure -- Visualization and Interpretation -- The Moment-Moment Interaction Curve -- The Load-Moment (PM) Interaction Curves -- Capacity Reduction Factors -- Effect of Material Strengths and Section Depth on P-M Interaction of RC Sections -- Biaxial-Flexural Capacity -- The Definition of Biaxial Bending -- The Applied Eccentricity Vector -- The Applied Moment Vector -- The Resultant Moment Vector -- Computing Cross-Section Capacity Ratio -- Code-Based Design for Flexure -- Solved Examples -- Direct and Shear Stress on a Rotated Element -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- Principal Axes and Principal Stresses -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- Neutral Axis of the Sections -- Solution -- Result -- Solution (a) -- Result -- P-M Interaction Curve -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- Solution -- Result -- Solution -- Result -- Solution -- Result -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- The Demand-to-Capacity (D/C) Ratio -- Given -- Solution -- Result -- Effect of Reinforcement Ratio on PM Interaction Curves -- Solution -- Result -- Effect of Yield Strength on PM Interaction Curves -- Solution -- Result -- Unsolved Examples -- Symbols and Notations -- References -- Four. Response and Design for Shear and Torsion -- Introduction -- Basic Elastic Response -- Shear Stresses -- Shear Stress Due to Shear Force