Encyclopedia of inland waters

• Main Author: Likens, Gene E
• Format: eBook Book
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier 2009; Boston Academic Press; Elsevier Science & Technology
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Encyclopedias; Fresh water; Fresh water > Encyclopedias; Limnology; Limnology > Encyclopedias
• ISBN: 9780123706263; 0120884623; 0123706262; 9780120884629; 9780123706294; 0123706289; 0123706300; 0123706297; 9780123706287; 9780123706300

Table of Contents:

• Water for Multiple Uses in Society -- This Overview -- Consumptive versus Nonconsumptive Water Use -- Blue and Green Water -- Social and Economic Importance of Water in Society -- Fish Production also Consumes Water -- Industry and Urban Sector Contribute with a High Economic Value per Water Unit -- How Much Water is Available and How Much is Accessible -- Precipitation is the Key Freshwater Resource -- Stocks and Flows of Water -- Variation in Freshwater Availability between Countries -- Historic Trends in Appropriation of Freshwater -- The Green Revolution and Water Development -- Will There Be Enough Water for Human Needs and Wants -- A Necessary Shift in Water Attention -- Concluding Remarks -- Further Reading -- Air/Water and Land/Water Interfaces, Wetlands and the Littoral Zone -- Aquatic Plants: A General Introduction -- Introduction -- Diversity and Evolution -- Life Forms -- Structural Traits -- Floating-Leaved Plants -- Caulescent Plants with Submersed Leaves -- Isoetids -- Reproductive Ecology -- Pollination -- Seed and Seedling Ecology -- Asexual Reproduction -- Zonation -- Summary -- Further Reading -- Aquatic Plants and Attached Algae -- Introduction -- The Distribution and Relative Abundance of Littoral Primary Producers -- Functional Groups of Littoral Primary Producers -- Characterization of the Biomass and Species Composition of Littoral Primary Producers -- Effects of Macrophytes and Algae on the Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Littoral Zones -- Interactions among Littoral Primary Producers -- Littoral Primary Producers in Carbon and Nutrient Cycling -- Littoral Primary Producers, Food Webs and Top-Down Control -- Importance of Littoral Primary Producers in Lake Ecosystem Function -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Coarse Woody Debris in Lakes and Streams -- Introduction -- Sources of Coarse Woody Debris to Aquatic Ecosystems
• e9780120884629v1 -- Front Cover -- Encyclopedia of Inland Waters -- Copyright Page -- Dedication to Robert G. Wetzel -- Preface -- Editor-In-Chief -- Editors -- Contributors -- Contents -- Volume 1 -- Introductory Overviews -- Inland Waters -- Inland Waters -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Limnology as a Discipline -- Limnology - An Integrative, Multidisciplinary Science -- Limnology - Integration and Subdisciplines -- The Teaching of Limnology -- Principal Limnological Text Books -- Scientific Journals - The Publication of Limnological Research -- Limnology - Multiple Scientific Approaches -- Current and Emerging Themes in Limnological Research -- Principles governing aquatic food webs -- The origin, structure, and roles of organic matter in natural waters -- Hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics -- Biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems -- Energetics of aquatic ecosystems -- Land-water and atmosphere-water interactions -- The Future of Limnology as a Discipline -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Aesthetic Values of Lakes and Rivers -- Introduction -- Revealed Preferences and the Travel Cost Method -- Inferring WTP for Aesthetic Quality -- An Application of the Travel Cost Method -- Stated Preferences and the Contingent Valuation Method -- An Application of the Contingent Valuation Method -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Aquatic Ecosystem Services -- Introduction -- Notions of Value -- Classification of Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital -- Valuing Ecosystem Goods and Services -- Examples of Ecosystem Services Generation in Aquatic Ecosystems -- Wetlands -- Rivers and Estuaries -- Lakes -- Coral Reefs -- Issues in Ecosystem Service Assessment and Valuation -- Threats to Ecosystem Services -- Conclusions -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Water as a Human Resource
• Loss of Coarse Woody Debris from Aquatic Systems -- Physical and Hydraulic Role of Coarse Woody Debris -- Nutrient Properties and Primary Production Associated with Coarse Woody Debris -- Coarse Woody Debris and Secondary Production -- Coarse Woody Debris and Fishes -- Coarse Woody Debris and Other Organisms -- Riparian Forest/Coarse Woody Debris/Aquatic Food Web Models -- Ecosystem-Scale Coarse Woody Debris Experiments -- Temporal Dynamics and Coarse Woody Debris Restoration -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Gas Exchange at the Air-Water Interface -- Introduction -- Basic Gas Exchange Principles -- Physical Factors -- Mechanistic Models of Gas Transfer -- Chemical Factors -- Solubility of Gases -- Diffusion Coefficient -- Chemical Enhancement -- Other Factors -- Meteorological Conditions -- Surfactants -- Bubbles -- Methods for Estimating Gas Exchange Rates -- Purposefully Released Tracers -- Chambers and Enclosures -- Eddy Correlation Methods -- Empirical Models of Gas Exchange -- Other Important Aspects of Gas Exchange -- Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Littoral Zone -- Introduction -- Factors Influencing the Physical Structure and Nutrient Dynamics of the Littoral Zone -- Physical Structure of the Littoral Zone -- Zonation -- Habitats -- Lake morphometry -- Surrounding landscape -- Wind patterns -- Nutrient Dynamics in the Littoral Zone -- Sources of nutrient inputs -- Retention capacity of the littoral zone -- Major nutrients in the littoral zone -- The Biota of the Littoral Zone -- Bacteria -- Periphyton -- Macrophytes -- Invertebrates -- Fish -- Terrestrial - Littoral Links -- Littoral - Pelagic Links -- The Anthropogenic Influences on the Littoral Zone -- Further Reading -- Mosses (Bryophytes) -- Introduction -- Bryophyte Growth and Life Form -- Physiology and Production in Bryophytes -- Reproduction -- Bryophytes of Peatlands
• Importance and Distribution of Peatlands -- Unique Structure, Physiology and Ecology of Sphagnum -- Distribution of Sphagnum within and among Peatlands -- Aquatic and Stream Bryophytes -- Distribution of Bryophytes in Streams and Lakes -- Form, Physiology, and Function of Aquatic Bryophytes -- Response to Ecological Gradients -- Aquatic Bryophytes as Indicators of Water Pollution -- Recommendations for Future Research -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Neuston in Aquatic EcosystemsAir/Water and Land/Water Interfaces, Wetlands and the Littoral Zone -- Introduction -- Air-Water Interface -- Epineuston -- Hyponeuston -- Collection Methods -- Discussion -- Glossary -- Further Reading -- Algae (Incl. Cyanobacteria): Types, Phytoplankton, and Eutrophication/Remediation -- Algae -- Definition of the Term 'Algae' -- Recent Status in the Systematics of Algae -- Characterization of the Main Algal Groups that Occur in Inland Water Habitats -- Prokaryota -- Division Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria, Cyanoprokaryota), Prochlorophyta -- Eukaryota -- Division Rhodophyta -- Division Heterokontophyta -- Class Chrysophyceae (golden algae) -- Class Xanthophyceae (yellow green algae) -- Class Eustigmatophyceae -- Class Bacillariophyceae -- Class Raphidophyceae -- Class Phaeophyceae (brown algae) -- Division Haptophyta -- Division Cryptophyta -- Division Dinophyta -- Division Euglenophyta -- Division Chlorophyta -- Class Chlorophyceae -- Class Ulvophyceae -- Class Trebouxiophyceae -- Class Prasinophyceae -- Division Charophyta -- Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates) -- Class Charophyceae (stoneworts) -- Three Case Studies in Combining Algal Systematics and Ecology -- Dimorphism in Centric Diatoms -- Polyphyletic Origin of Eukaryotic Picoplankton and Consequences for the Food Web -- Phenotype versus Genotype in Chlorellaceae in Reflection of Ecosystem Conditions
• Glossary -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Algae of River Ecosystems -- Introduction -- Factors Affecting Algae in Rivers -- Local Abiotic Factors -- Resources -- Stressors -- Local Biotic Factors -- Habitat-Scale Factors -- Reach to Regional Scale Factors -- Summary -- Further Reading -- Chrysophytes - Golden Algae -- Introduction and Taxonomy -- Occurrence -- Seasonality -- Environmental Factors -- Chrysophytes as Indicators -- Chrysophytes as Indicators in Paleoecology -- Biogeography of Chrysophytes -- Chrysophyte Distribution -- Concluding Remarks -- Further Reading -- Comparative Primary Production -- Comparative Productivity -- Estimation of Productivity and Production -- Components of Freshwater Ecosystems -- Benthic Algae -- Macrophyte (Hydrophyte) Communities -- Freshwater Ecosystems -- Rivers -- Littoral of Lakes -- Estimation of Total Lake Production -- Reservoirs -- Climatic Regions -- Comparison to Other Ecosystems -- Further Reading -- Cyanoprokaryota and Other Prokaryotic Algae -- Introduction -- Origin and Diversity -- Role of Cyanobacteria in Earth's Evolution -- Morphological Forms -- Classification and Phylogenetics of Cyanobacteria -- Habitats -- Fresh and Brackish Water -- Oceanic Waters -- Extreme Environments -- Microbial Mats -- Life Mode -- Cellular Structure -- General Organization -- Cell Envelopes, Cell Wall, Sheath -- The Photosynthetic Apparatus -- Pigmentation -- Aerotopes (gas vacuoles) -- Storage -- Heterocyte -- Akinete -- Primary Metabolism and Physiological Responses -- Acclimation to Light Intensity and Quality -- Carbon Acquisition -- Nitrogen Assimilation -- Phosphate Uptake -- Assimilation of Trace Metals -- Buoyancy Regulation -- Motility -- Reproduction -- Bloom Formation -- Mass Production -- Prospects for the Future -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Diatoms
• The Diatom Cell and its Taxonomical Entity