Understanding Victims of Interpersonal Violence A Guide for Investigators and Prosecutors

• Main Author: Valliere, Veronique N.
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Routledge 2020; Taylor and Francis; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Criminal investigation; Criminology and Criminal Justice; FORENSICnetBASE; HEALTHCAREnetBASE; LawENFORCEMENTnetBASE; Medical & Healthcare Law; SCI-TECHnetBASE; Sexual abuse victims; Sexual abuse victims-Psychology; STMnetBASE; Victims of family violence; Victims of violent crimes; Penn State; Secondary Victimization; Faulty Expectations; Post-offense Behavior; Young Man; National Domestic Violence Hotline; Child Protective Services Investigators; Intimate Partner Assault; Pee Pee; Victim Behavior; National Crime Victimization Survey; IPV; Adult Male Victim; Victim Response; Swat; Male Sexual Assault; Victims Disclose; Swat Team; Tonic Immobility; NBC News; Rape Myth Acceptance; Emma Sulkowicz; Rape Trauma Syndrome; Male Victims
• ISBN: 9780367422936; 1498780482; 9781498780483; 036742293X
• DOI: 10.4324/9780367823245

i Understanding Victims of Interpersonal Violence: A Guide for Investigators and Prosecutors provides accessible information for criminal justice personnel “in the trenches” with victims of violence to aid in understanding and explaining their behavior. This guide sheds light on interpersonal violen...

Table of Contents:

• Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- SECTION 1 Victim Response to Interpersonal Violence -- 1 Victim Response to Assault: Is It "Counterintuitive" Behavior? -- What Is "Counterintuitive" Behavior? Is There Such a Thing? -- Persistence of Myths About Assault -- When Rape Meets the Myth -- What Are the Facts? -- Why Do I Need to Know This? -- Summary -- References -- 2 "I Was in Shock:" Internal Factors Impacting Victim Response -- Fear -- Emotional Impact of Fear -- Physiological Impact of Fear -- Cognitive Biases and Unexpected Decisions -- Loss Aversion -- Confirmation Bias: "See, I Told You He Wasn't Like That" -- Familiarity and Perception of Risk -- Personal Control, Fear, and Risk -- Habituation -- Personalization of Risk -- Culture and Religion -- Culture: "That's Normal for Them -- It's a Cultural Thing" -- Religion: "But God Says . . ." -- Beliefs and Values -- It's a "Just World" or What Goes Around, Comes Around -- Rape Myth Acceptance and Rape Scripts -- Confusion About or Failure to Identify the Assault or Abuse -- Relationship to the Perpetrator -- Alcohol Use -- Absence of Force or Violence -- Blame, Shame, and Guilt -- Vulnerability and Weakness -- Prior History of Abuse/Assault -- Socialization to Aggression and Conflict -- Fear of Penalization -- Summary -- References -- 3 "Where Was I Supposed to Go?" External Factors That Influence Victim Response and Help-Seeking -- Access to Services -- Barriers to Help-Seeking During the Offense -- Presence or Protection of Witnesses/Children -- Opportunity for Escape -- Experience With and Revictimization by the Law Enforcement or the Criminal Justice System -- Consequences of Reporting -- Consequences to Others/Offender -- Retaliation -- Loss -- Societal Messages -- Support System of Victim
• Why Doesn't She Leave? The Meaning of the Relationship to the Victim -- Practical Matters -- Confusion and Disbelief About the Act and Actor -- Wants to Be Normal and Safe Again -- Loves the Offender and Fears the Loss -- Thinks the Danger Can Be Controlled -- Danger -- Suggestions for Interviews -- Summary -- References -- 8 "Nah, I'm Good:" Understanding Victim Resistance -- Let's Just Talk: Verbal Resistance -- Tie Them Really Tight: Nonverbal Resistance -- Freeze, Flight, or Fight -- Freeze -- Flight -- Fight -- Barriers to Resistance -- Children or Protection of Others -- Prior History of Abuse -- Inability to Resist -- Summary -- References -- 9 "Commit to Courage:" Conclusions and Suggestions -- Appendix A: Questions Instead of "Why?" -- Appendix B: Sample Voir Dire Questions -- Appendix C: Interviewing Victims for Sentencing -- Index
• Other Post-Offense Influences on Victim Response -- Summary -- References -- 4 "I Will Not Be Denied:" Influence of the Offender on Victim Behavior -- Influence on the Victim -- Getting the Victim to Cooperate: Why Did She Allow It? -- Identifying and Exploiting Vulnerability -- Building Attachment -- Being Nice -- Promising to Change: Creating Hope -- Creating Confusion by Acting Normal -- "Grooming" or Preparing the Victim to Be a Victim -- Past Experience With the Offender -- Influence of the Offender on the Community -- Creating the Public Persona -- Controlling the Information -- Creating a Victim's Reputation and Setting Up Retaliation -- Deception After the Disclosure -- Summary -- References -- 5 "I Should Have Kicked His Ass:" Male Victims of Intimate Violence -- "Be a Man:" Traditional Masculinity and Societal Messages -- Having a Penis -- Shame and Stigma -- Victim Blaming -- Minimization of Assault -- Access to Services -- Summary -- References -- SECTION 2 Common Types of Victim Responses -- 6 "What Was I Supposed to Say?" Issues in Disclosures of Assault -- General Issues to Remember About Memory -- Delayed Disclosure -- Types of Disclosure and the Process of Telling -- Interactional Component of Disclosure -- Trauma and Disclosure -- Triggers for Disclosure -- Opportunity and Social Support -- Increased Needs of the Victim -- Increased Knowledge of the Victim -- Removal From the Perpetrator or Changes in the Abuser's Behavior -- Trauma and Memory -- Recantation -- Secondary Victimization as a Result of Disclosure -- Summary -- References -- 7 "But I Love Him:" Continued Contact With the Offender -- Relationships as the Weapon of the Offender -- Access to the Victim -- Provides Excuses and Explanations for the Abuse -- Used Against the Victim -- Establishes Status Issues