Computational neurology and psychiatry
This book presents the latest research in computational methods for modeling and simulating brain disorders. In particular, it shows how mathematical models can be used to study the relationship between a given disorder and the specific brain structure associated with that disorder. It also describe...
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| Main Authors | , , |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook Book |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cham
Springer International Publishing
2017
Springer International Publishing AG |
| Edition | 1 |
| Series | Springer Series in Bio-/Neuroinformatics |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 9783319499581 3319499580 |
| ISSN | 2193-9349 2193-9357 |
| DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-49959-8 |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Computational Neurology and Psychiatry -- Scientific Problems Addressed in the Book -- Closing Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Outgrowing Neurological Diseases: Microcircuits, Conduction Delay and Childhood Absence Epilepsy -- Introduction -- Dynamic Diseases in Neurology and Psychiatry -- Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) -- Dynamical Systems Approaches to Seizure Onset -- Paroxysmal Seizure Occurrence -- Epileptic Micro-Circuits -- Multistability in Time Delayed Microcircuits -- Multistability: Integrate-and-Fire Model -- Multistability: Hopfield Model -- Multistability: Hodgkin-Huxley Models with Delayed Recurrent Loops -- Developmental Aspects -- Discussion -- References -- 3 Extracellular Potassium and Focal Seizures-Insight from In Silico Study -- Introduction -- The Scientific Problem -- Effects of Extracellular K+ Concentration on Neural Activity -- Resting Potential -- Driving Force -- Synaptic Transmission -- Focal Seizure Dynamics -- Aim of This Work -- Computational Methods -- Model Description -- Cells' Morphology -- Cells' Biophysics -- Reversal Potentials and Passive Electrical Properties -- Active Currents -- Synaptic Connections and Network Inputs -- Ion Accumulation -- Na+/K+ Pump -- Glial Buffer -- KCC2 Cotransporter -- Results -- In Silico Test of the Whole Brain In Vitro Hypothesis -- Relationship Between Intracellular Seizure Patterns and Ion Concentration Changes -- Neuronal [K+]o Sources and Regulation -- The [K+]o Balance -- Selective Impairment of Potassium Homeostasis Mechanisms -- Future Therapies -- The Model with Constant Ion Concentration Gradients -- "Take Home" Message for Neurologists, Psychiatrists -- "Take Home" Message for Computationalists -- References -- Time Series and Interactions: Data Processing in Epilepsy Research -- Introduction
- Workflow for Analysis of NMDAR Antibody-Related Paroxysms -- Results -- Limitations -- Take Home Message for Clinicians -- Take Home Message for Computationalists -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Oscillatory Neural Models of the Basal Ganglia for Action Selection in Healthy and Parkinsonian Cases -- Introduction -- The Basal Ganglia and Parkinson's Disease -- Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation -- The Scientific Problem -- Computational Methods -- Spiking Models -- Hodgkin-Huxley and Multi-compartment Modelling -- Spiking Models of the Basal Ganglia -- Mesoscopic Models -- Population-Level Modelling -- Mesoscopic Models of the Basal Ganglia -- Modelling of DBS -- Results: Modelling of Action Selection via Partial Synchronization in the Basal Ganglia -- Population Level Modelling -- Partial Synchronization as a Mechanism for Action Selection -- Conclusions -- Action Selection via Partial Synchronization in a Spiking Model of the Basal Ganglia -- Phase Locking and Arnold Tongues -- Cellular Model -- Synaptic Transmission -- Software -- Results -- Discussion -- Take Home Message for Neurologists -- Take Home Message for Computationalists -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Mathematical Models of Neuromodulation and Implications for Neurology and Psychiatry -- Introduction -- The Scientific Problem---Volume Transmission -- The Electrophysiological View of the Brain -- The Pharmacological View of the Brain -- Volume Transmission and Balance in the Basal Ganglia -- Mathematical Modeling of Volume Transmission -- Computational Methods -- Results -- A Serotonin Model -- Serotonin and Levodopa -- Homeostasis of Dopamine -- ``Take Home'' Message for Neurologists, Psychiatrists -- ``Take Home'' Message for Computationalists -- References -- Attachment Modelling: From Observations to Scenarios to Designs -- Introduction -- The Scientific Problem
- Bowlby's Development of Attachment Theory -- An Individual Differences Approach to Attachment in Infancy---The Strange Situation -- More Detail on Disorganised/Disoriented Attachment in Infancy -- The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) -- The Design-Based Approach to Studying Minds -- Architectural Designs Which Have Been Implemented as Simulations -- A Reactive Architectural Model of Basic Secure Base Behaviour -- A Hybrid Architectural Model of Basic Secure Base Behaviour -- A Reactive Architectural Model of the Development of Individual Differences in Infant-Carer Attachment Dyads -- Future Work -- Towards a Simulation of Action Formation in the Strange Situation -- and Its Failure Demonstrated by `D' Category Behaviour Patterns -- Towards a Simulation of Language Using Agents that Demonstrate Executive Function and Its Failure in the AAI -- Conclusion -- References -- Self-attachment: A Holistic Approach to Computational Psychiatry -- Introduction -- Attachment Theory -- Regulation Theory: Neurobiology of Secure Attachment -- Neurobiology of Insecure Attachment -- Attachment Insecurity and Vulnerability to Mental Disorder -- Impact on Psychotherapy -- Attachment Objects -- Evidence in Ethology -- Children's Attachment Objects -- Religion as Attachment Object -- fMRI Studies on Bond Making -- Self-attachment -- Playing and Role Playing -- Self-attachment Protocol -- Distinguishing Characteristic and Proof of Concept -- A Game-Theoretic Model -- Self-attachment and Strong Patterns -- Neural Models of Self-attachment -- An Energy Based Neural Model with Reinforcement Learning -- A Neural Model of Bonding -- Empathically-Motivated Bonding -- Conclusion -- References -- A Comparison of Mathematical Models of Mood in Bipolar Disorder -- Introduction -- The Scientific Problem -- Computational Methods -- Biological Rhythms Models
- Behavioral Activation System Model -- Discrete-Time Random Models -- Two-Dimensional Models -- Simulation -- Results -- Time Courses of Mood -- Chronicity -- Survival Functions -- Spectral Density -- Manic and Depressive Variables -- Combining Inferences Across Individuals -- Discussion -- References -- 12 Computational Neuroscience of Timing, Plasticity and Function in Cerebellum Microcircuits -- Introduction -- Background-On Cerebellum Granule Layer and Network Activity -- Methods -- Spiking Models -- Cerebellar Network -- Modeling Cerebellar Granular Layer Evoked LFP -- Modeling Extracellular Field Potential -- Neural Information Theory -- Results -- Reconstructed Extracellular Potential of Single Cerebellar Granule Cell and Circuit LFP -- Simulating STDP on Cerebellar Granular Layer LFP with Center-Surround Excitation -- Spatial Attenuation of Single Granule Neuron Extracellular Field Potential -- Information Capacity of Cerebellar Granule Neurons for Sensory Inputs -- Stimulus Discrimination Capacity of Cerebellar Granule Neurons -- Robotics and Applications -- Abstracting Models for Neuro-Robotics-Training Spiking Networks and Storage Capacity -- Storage Capacity Computation as a Pattern Recognition Circuit for Robotics -- Abstraction of Real-World Data into Spike Trains Using Granular Layer Encoding -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A Computational Model of Neural Synchronization in Striatum -- Introduction -- The Scientific Problem: Modeling Striatum -- Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons and Interneurons -- Striatal Oscillations -- Computational Methods: Point Neurons and Synaptic Connections -- Results: Simulations and Takehome Messages -- Simulation Results -- Take Home Messages -- References -- A Neural Mass Computational Framework to Study Synaptic Mechanisms Underlying Alpha and Theta Rhythms -- Introduction
- A Kinetic Model Based Framework for Neural Mass Modelling of the Thalamic Circuit
- Short Pathological Events as Biomarkers -- Interictal Epileptic Spikes -- High Frequency Oscillations---Ripples -- Analysis of the Continuous Signal -- Frequency Analysis -- Entropy of the Signal -- Analysis of Interactions Among Signals -- Correlation -- Mutual Information -- Cross Correlation Function and Coherence -- Causality Analysis -- Conclusions -- References -- Connecting Epilepsy and Alzheimer's Disease: Modeling of Normal and Pathological Rhythmicity and Synaptic Plasticity Related to Amyloidβ (Aβ) Effects -- Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy: The Big Picture -- General Remarks -- Modeling Hippocampal Rhythm Generation and Control: Aβ Pathology -- Two-Way Relationship Between Altered Synaptic Activity and Neuronal Dysfunction -- Non-convulsive, Subclinical Partial Seizures Worsen the Memory and Behavioral Symptoms in AD -- Antiepileptic Drugs Can Reduce the Deteriorating Effects of Epileptiform Activity in AD -- Aβ Effects on Synaptic Plasticity: Brief Summary of the Experimental Background -- Model Construction -- Modeling Modulation of Synaptic Transmission by Aβ -- Construction of Ω Function to Implement Aβ Effects -- Simulation Results -- Aβ Overproduction and Hippocampal Network Dysfunction: Modeling the Age-Dependent Effects -- Altered Synaptic Plasticity -- Biophysical Backgrounds of the Effects of Aβ on Ω Function -- Kinetic Models: Some Remarks -- Kinetic Modeling of Normal and Pathological Ω Function -- Further Plans -- Messages for Neurologists and Computer Scientists -- References -- 6 Dynamic Causal Modelling of Dynamic Dysfunction in NMDA-Receptor Antibody Encephalitis -- Introduction -- The Scientific Problem -- Computational Methods -- Generative Models of Neuronal Population Activity -- Model Inversion for EEG Abnormalities -- Optimisation Algorithms -- Cost Functions