Mechanics of agricultural materials
The importance of economical production of agricultural materials, especially crops and animal products serving as base materials for foodstuffs, and of their technological processing (mechanical operations, storage, handling etc.) is ever-increasing. During technological processes agricultural mate...
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| Published in | Developments in Agricultural Engineering (Netherlands) Vol. v.Volume 8; no. 8 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | eBook Book |
| Language | English Hungarian |
| Published |
Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Elsevier
1986
Elsevier Science & Technology Elsevier Science |
| Edition | 1 |
| Series | Developments in Agricultural Engineering |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 9780444995230 0444995234 |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover -- Mechanics of Agricultural Materials -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. The development and importance of agricultural mechanics -- Chapter 2. Physical properties of agricultural materials -- 2.1 Shape and size -- 2.2 Surface area -- 2.3 Volume and density -- 2.4 Thermal and hygroscopic expansion -- Chapter 3. Mechanical properties -- Chapter 4. Thermal properties -- 4.1 Specific heat -- 4.2 Heat-conduction coefficient -- 4.3 Temperature conductivity -- Chapter 5. Electrical properties -- 5.1 Dielectric constant and dielectric loss -- Chapter 6. Optical properties -- 6.1 Reflectance properties -- 6.2 Transmittance properties -- Chapter 7. Water storage in agricultural materials -- 7.1 Physics of water storage -- 7.2 Adsorption and desorption of water -- 7.3 Equilibrium moisture content -- 7.4 Moisture adsorption by hygroscopic materials -- 7.5 Internal moisture movement -- 7.6 Mass-transfer at the surface -- 7.7 Mass-transfer coefficients -- 7.8 Moisture gradients -- 7.9 Contact moisture exchange -- 7.10 The theory of drying -- 7.11 General relationships in the drying process -- 7.12 Heating and cooling of deep piles -- 7.13 Heat production in biological materials during storage -- 7.14 Moisture exchange of fruits and vegetables with the air -- Chapter 8. The background of rheology -- 8.1 Characteristics of biological materials -- 8.2 Ideal materials and their properties -- 8.3 Time-dependent behavior of materials -- viscoelasticity -- 8.4 Creep -- 8.5 Recovery -- 8.6 Relaxation -- 8.7 Linearity -- 8.8 Rheological models -- 8.9 Rheological equations -- 8.10 Integral representation of viscoelastic constitutive equations -- 8.11 Behavior of viscoelastic materials under oscillating loads -- 8.12 Nonlinear constitutive equations -- 8.13 Temperature effects -- 8.14 Non-Newtonian fluids -- viscosimetry
- Chapter 9. Contact stresses -- 9.1 Contact stress in elastic bodies -- 9.2 Contact stress in viscoelastic bodies -- 9.3 The theory of the rigid die -- the Boussinesq problem -- Chapter 10. Impact loading -- 10.1 Impact of elastic bodies -- 10.2 Impact of viscoelastic bodies -- 10.3 Application of cushioning materials -- Chapter 11. The finite-element method -- 11.1 Concept of the method -- 11.2 Shapes of elements and the displacement function -- 11.3 Embedding the elements into the continuum -- 11.4 Finite-element formulation -- 11.5 Viscoelastic stress analysis -- numerical method -- 11.6 Application of the finite-element method to flow fields -- Chapter 12. Application of rheology -- 12.1 Force-deformation relationship -- 12.2 Stress-strain relationships -- Chapter 13. Mechanical damage -- 13.1 Causes and the forms of appearance of damage -- 13.2 Biological and chemical reactions after damage -- 13.3 Establishing and measuring damage -- 13.4 Effect of moisture changes on damage -- 13.5 Impact damage -- 13.6 Effects of various parameters on sensitivity to damage -- Chapter 14. Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic properties and phenomena -- 14.1 Aerodynamic drag coefficient -- 14.2 Terminal velocity -- 14.3 Aerodynamic resistance of granular bulk materials -- 14.4 Separation of foreign materials -- 14.5 Pneumatic conveying of agricultural materials -- 14.6 Fluid-bed conveying -- 14.7 Conveying by throwing -- 14.8 Pneumatic conveying of non-Newtonian materials -- 14.9 Flow in perforated ducts -- 14.10 Ventilation of bales and stacks -- 14.11 Non-Newtonian flow in tubes -- 14.12 Air resistance of fruit-tree crowns -- 14.13 Hydrodynamic properties -- Chapter 15. Friction problems -- 15.1 General laws of friction -- 15.2 Friction coefficients of agricultural products -- 15.3 Rolling of agricultural products
- 15.4 Angle of internal friction and angle of natural repose -- 15.5 State diagram for granular bulk materials -- 15.6 Stress state of granular bulk materials -- 15.7 Pressure distribution in bins -- 15.8 Flow of granular materials from an orifice -- 15.9 Flow of granular materials in chutes -- 15.10 Further friction problems -- Chapter 16. Wafering and pressing of agricultural materials -- 16.1 General relationships for pressing processes -- 16.2 Energy requirements of pressing -- 16.3 Rebound of material after pressing -- 16.4 Pressure distribution in the space before a compressing piston -- 16.5 Pressure conditions in pelleting machines -- 16.6 Effects of various parameters on the pelleting process -- 16.7 Mechanical dewatering of agricultural materials -- Chapter 17. Cutting of agricultural materials -- 17.1 Cutting methods -- 17.2 Deformations caused by cutting -- 17.3 Energy requirements of cutting -- 17.4 Free cutting -- 17.5 Energy requirements of forage harvesters -- Chapter 18. Grinding (comminution) of agricultural materials -- 18.1 Mechanism of comminution -- 18.2 General relationships for hammer mills -- 18.3 Size distribution of comminuted products -- 18.4 Energy requirements of hammer mills -- 18.5 Closed-circuit grinding -- 18.6 Grinding of forage materials -- References -- Subject index