Environmental risk assessment : a toxicological approach
"This book explains how environmental risk assessment in particular is of increasing importance as a means of seeking to address the potential effects of chemicals in the environment in both the developed and developing world"--
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| Main Author | |
|---|---|
| Format | Electronic eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Boca Raton :
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,
[2020]
|
| Edition | Second edition. |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Full text |
| ISBN | 9780429286001 0429286007 9781000754377 1000754375 9780429169502 0429169507 9781000754117 1000754111 9781000754247 1000754243 9780367250973 0367250977 |
| Physical Description | 1 online resource |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Risk Assessment with a Nod to History
- 1.1 Risk Assessment: Does Consistency Achieve the Goal of Fairness?
- 1.1.1 Formaldehyde: A Cautionary Tale
- 1.1.2 A Future Look Back
- 1.2 Knowledge versus Fear: The Precautionary Principle and Unintended Consequences
- 1.3 The History of Environmental Risk Assessment in the United States
- 1.3.1 Risk Assessment under NEPA
- 1.3.2 The Events of the Late 1960s Facilitated the Passage of NEPA
- 1.4 How Much Risk Is Enough?
- 1.5 Risk Assessment Recommendations from the US National Academies of Sciences and Other Government Entities
- 1.5.1 The Environmental Risk Assessment Paradigm as Defined in Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, the National Research Council's 1983 "Red Book"
- 1.5.2 The Clean Air Act (CAA), EPA's 1989 Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS), and Other Guidelines
- 1.5.3 Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment: The National Research Council's 1994 "Blue Book."
- 1.5.3.1 EPA's Use of Defaults per the "Blue Book"
- 1.5.3.2 Validation of Models, Methods, and Data
- 1.5.3.3 Information and Data Needs
- 1.5.3.4 Accounting for Uncertainty
- 1.5.3.5 Understanding and Dealing with Variability
- 1.5.3.6 Aggregation of Risks
- 1.5.4 Framework for Environmental Risk Management: The 1997 Federal Commission Report
- 1.5.4.1 Bias and Scientific Misconduct: Another Cautionary Tale
- 1.5.4.2 Realism, Cost, and the Separation of Risk Assessment and Risk Management
- 1.5.4.3 EPA Addresses Variability and Uncertainty
- 1.5.4.4 Compounding Conservatism
- 1.5.5 Circular A-4 from the Office of Management and Budget
- 1.5.6 Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment: The National Research Council's 2009 "Silver Book"
- 1.5.6.1 Improvements in Problem Formulation
- 1.5.6.2 Replacing Defaults with Data
- 1.5.6.3 Controversies around "Silver Book" Recommendations for Dose-Response Assessment
- 1.5.7 World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO-IPCS) Guidance Document on Evaluating and Expressing Uncertainty in Hazard Characterization
- 1.6 Risk Assessment as Practiced Internationally
- 1.6.1 Will Risk Assessment in China Point the Way for the Developing World?
- 1.6.2 Risk Assessment in the European Union
- 1.6.3 Risk Assessment in Canada
- 1.7 What Happens When Things Go Right
- 1.7.1 The Sangamo-Weston Superfund Site
- 1.7.2 Good Communication Is the Reason Things Go Right
- 1.8 Perception Is Reality: Risk Communication and Stakeholder Participation
- 1.8.1 Public Perception of Hexavalent Chromium: A Cautionary Tale
- 1.8.2 Why the Movie Erin Brockovitch Changed the Public's View of Chromium
- 1.9 Association versus Causation