Fundamental biomaterials : polymers
Fundamental Biomaterials: Polymers provides current information on findings and developments of biopolymers and their conversion from base materials to medical devices. Chapters analyze the types of polymers and discuss a range of biomedical applications. It is the first title in a three volume set,...
Saved in:
| Other Authors | , , |
|---|---|
| Format | Electronic eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Duxford, United Kingdom :
Woodhead Publishing,
[2018]
|
| Series | Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials.
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Full text |
| ISBN | 9780081021958 008102195X 9780081021941 0081021941 |
| Physical Description | 1 online resource : illustrations (some color) |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- 3.4 Forms of polysaccharides
- 3.4.1 Physically cross-linked hydrogels
- 3.4.1.1 Type of hydrogel
- Physical gel
- Polyelectrolyte complexes
- Chemical gel
- 3.4.2 Hydrogels in tissue engineering
- 3.4.3 Amphiphilic polymers or micelles
- 3.4.4 Smart polymers
- 3.4.4.1 Smart nanofibers and microfibers
- 3.4.5 Auto-associative amphiphilic polysaccharide
- 3.4.6 Supramolecular hydrogels
- 3.4.7 Star polymers
- 3.4.8 Interpenetrating polymer networks polysaccharide hydrogels
- 3.4.9 Polysaccharide-based antibiofilm surface
- 3.5 Applications
- 3.5.1 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
- 3.5.2 Wound healing and wound dressing
- 3.5.3 Drug delivery system
- 3.5.4 Gene therapy
- 3.6 Hybrid biomaterials
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 4: Natural rubber and silicone rubber-based biomaterials
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Natural rubber as biomaterial
- 4.3 Silicone rubber as biomaterial
- 4.4 Preparation of silicone rubber
- 4.5 Physicochemical properties of silicone rubber
- 4.6 Properties of silicone rubber as biomaterial
- 4.7 Cross-linking or curing of silicone elastomer
- 4.8 Peroxide cure system [21]
- 4.9 Condensation cross-linking system
- 4.10 Addition cross-linking system
- 4.11 Biomedical applications of silicone rubber
- 4.12 Current status of silicone rubber in medical applications
- 4.13 Future prospects
- References
- Chapter 5: Hydrogels, DNA, and RNA polypeptides for the preparation of biomaterials
- 5.1 Gels, hydrogels
- 5.1.1 Introduction
- 5.1.2 Synthesis of hydrogels
- 5.1.2.1 Physical cross-linking
- 5.1.2.2 Chemical cross-linking
- 5.1.3 Hydrogel technical features
- 5.1.4 Benefits and limitations of hydrogels
- 5.1.4.1 General benefits
- 5.1.4.2 General limitations
- 5.1.5 Synthetic hydrogels and its impact on the environment.
- 5.1.5.1 Composite hydrogels
- 5.1.5.2 Biodegradable hydrogels
- 5.1.5.3 Superabsorbent hydrogels
- 5.1.5.4 Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels
- 5.1.6 Other natural/biocompatible hydrogels
- 5.1.6.1 Alginate-based hydrogels
- 5.1.6.2 Chitosan-based hydrogels
- 5.1.6.3 Protein-based hydrogels
- 5.1.7 Hydrogel applications
- 5.1.7.1 Scaffolds in tissue engineering
- 5.1.7.2 Sensing
- pH sensors
- Additional chemical sensors
- 5.1.7.3 Array networks
- 5.1.7.4 Artificial muscles and nerve regeneration
- 5.1.8 Conclusions and future prospects
- 5.2 DNA and RNA polypeptide for the preparation of biomaterial
- 5.2.1 DNA and RNA
- 5.2.2 DNA-based hydrogels
- 5.2.3 Hydrogels constructed from the DNA
- 5.2.4 Conclusions and future outlook
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 6: 3D bioprinting of polysaccharides and their derivatives: From characterization to application
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.1.1 Bioprinting technologies
- 6.1.2 Bioinks from polysaccharides and their derivatives
- 6.1.2.1 Cellulose
- 6.1.2.2 Chitosan and its derivatives
- 6.1.2.3 Agarose
- 6.1.2.4 Alginate
- 6.1.2.5 Gellan Gum (GG) gum
- 6.1.2.6 Chondroitin sulfate (Cs)
- 6.1.2.7 Hyaluronic acid
- 6.2 Application in regenerative medicine
- 6.2.1 Tissue engineering
- 6.2.1.1 Cartilage
- 6.2.1.2 Bone
- 6.2.1.3 Skin
- 6.3 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 7: Xyloglucan for drug delivery applications
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Chemical structure and composition
- 7.3 Extraction and isolation
- 7.4 History of XG
- 7.5 Functional properties of XG
- 7.5.1 Solubility
- 7.5.2 Molecular weight (molar mass)
- 7.5.3 Viscosity
- 7.5.4 Mucoadhesiveness
- 7.5.5 In situ gelation
- 7.5.5.1 Gelation by addition of sugars or alcohols
- 7.5.5.2 Gelation by the addition of polyphenols.
- 7.5.5.3 Gelation by mixing with helix-forming polysaccharides
- 7.5.5.4 Iodine complexation reaction
- 7.6 Drug delivery applications of XG
- 7.6.1 Intranasal drug delivery
- 7.6.2 Ocular drug delivery
- 7.6.3 Pulmonary drug delivery
- 7.6.4 Rectal drug delivery
- 7.6.5 Buccal drug delivery
- 7.6.6 Oral drug delivery
- 7.6.7 Periodontal drug delivery
- 7.6.8 Parenteral (intraperitoneal) drug delivery
- 7.6.9 Transdermal drug delivery
- 7.7 Xyloglucan-based modified drug delivery systems
- 7.7.1 Grafted XG-based drug delivery systems
- 7.7.2 Coated XG-based drug delivery systems
- 7.8 Chemical modifications of XG
- 7.8.1 Thiolated XG
- 7.8.2 Carboxymethylated XG
- 7.8.3 Aminated XG
- 7.9 Regulatory aspects and clinical status
- 7.10 Concluding remarks and future outlook
- Conflict of interest
- References
- Chapter 8: Plasma polymerization and plasma modification of surface for biomaterials applications
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Plasma polymerization
- 8.3 Orthopedic insertion in the human body
- 8.4 Dental fixture
- 8.5 Blood compatibility
- 8.6 Conclusions and future aspects
- References
- Chapter 9: Textile-based biomaterials for surgical applications
- 9.1 Medical textiles: An overview
- 9.2 Implantable textiles
- 9.2.1 Textile materials for tissue engineering
- 9.2.2 Soft tissue regeneration implants
- 9.2.3 Hard tissue regeneration implants
- 9.2.3.1 Natural and synthetic polymers
- 9.2.3.2 Textile materials
- 9.2.4 Cardiovascular implants
- 9.2.4.1 In vitro evaluation of the hemocompatibility of biomaterials
- 9.2.5 Sutures
- 9.3 Regulatory aspects
- 9.4 Conclusions/future perspectives
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 10: In vivo biocompatiblity studies: Perspectives on evaluation of biomedical polymer biocompatibility
- 10.1 Introduction.
- 10.1.1 Meaning of biocompatibility
- 10.1.2 Biocompatible biopolymers
- 10.1.2.1 First-generation biopolymers
- 10.1.2.2 Second-generation biopolymers
- 10.2 Methods of biocompatible testing
- 10.3 Difference between in vitro and in vivo tests
- 10.4 In vivo testing methods
- 10.4.1 Genotoxicity
- 10.4.1.1 In vivo comet assay
- 10.4.1.2 Advancements in comet assays to detect mutagenicity in biopolymers
- 10.4.1.3 In vivo micronucleus test
- 10.4.1.4 Advancements in in vivo micronucleus assays
- 10.4.2 Hemocompatibility
- 10.4.2.1 NIH and ASTM hemolysis tests
- 10.4.2.2 Activated partial thromboplastin time
- 10.4.2.3 Complement activation test
- 10.4.2.4 Thrombosis (in vivo)
- 10.4.2.5 Advancements in the in vivo hemocompatibility test
- 10.4.3 Sensitization method
- 10.4.3.1 The Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT)
- 10.4.3.2 The Buehler Guinea Pig Test
- 10.4.3.3 Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA)
- BrdU ELISA method
- 10.4.3.4 Human skin sensitization tests
- 10.4.3.5 Advancements in the in vivo sensitization test
- 10.4.4 Irritation
- 10.4.4.1 The Draize animal test procedure (eyes)
- Method
- 10.4.4.2 The Draize animal test procedure (skin)
- 10.4.4.3 Recent advances in the in vivo irritation method
- 10.4.5 Implantation test
- 10.4.5.1 Alternative techniques
- 10.4.5.2 Recent advances in the in vivo implantation test
- 10.4.6 Systemic toxicity
- 10.4.6.1 Acute systemic toxicity testing or a single-dose study
- 10.4.6.2 Repeated dose study or a subacute study or chronic study
- 10.4.6.3 Recent advances in in vivo systematic toxicity
- 10.4.7 Cytotoxicity
- 10.4.7.1 Tetrazolium reduction test
- 10.4.7.2 Recent advances in the cytotoxicity test
- 10.5 Conclusion
- References
- Further reading.