Analytical characterization methods for crude oil and related products

Basic theory, applications, and recent trends in analytical techniques used in crude oil and related products analysis This book covers the application of different spectroscopic methods to characterize crude oil and related products. Its topics are presented in a pedagogical manner so that those ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors Shukla, Ashutosh Kumar, 1978- (Editor)
Format Electronic eBook
LanguageEnglish
Published Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017.
Subjects
Petroleum > Analysis.
Petroleum productrs > Analysis.
elektronické knihy
electronic books
Online AccessFull text
ISBN9781119286363
1119286360
9781523115556
1523115556
111928631X
9781119286318
9781119286332
1119286336
Physical Description1 online resource (298 pages)

Cover

Table of Contents:
  • "Cover"
  • "Title Page"
  • "Copyright"
  • "Dedication"
  • "Contents"
  • "List of Contributors"
  • "Preface"
  • "Chapter 1 Rheological Characterization of Crude Oil and Related Products"
  • "1.1 Introduction"
  • "1.2 Sample Preparation for Rheological Characterization"
  • "1.2.1 Ensuring the Chemical Stability"
  • "1.2.2 Choosing the Rheometer Geometry"
  • "1.2.3 Erasing the Thermal Memory"
  • "1.2.4 Performing the Cooling Process"
  • "1.3 Rheological Tests"
  • "1.4 Potential Sources of Errors"
  • "References"
  • "Chapter 2 Optical Interrogation of Petroleum Asphaltenes: Myths and Reality"
  • "2.1 Introduction"
  • "2.1.1 What are Asphaltenes?"
  • "2.1.2 The Reasons for Intensive Asphaltene Research"
  • "2.1.3 No Controversy about the Elemental Composition of Asphaltenes"
  • "2.1.4 Continuing Debates on the Size and the Structure of Asphaltene Molecules and Aggregates"
  • "2.1.5 Conflicting Paradigms based on Similar Analytical Techniques: Apparent Significance of "Human Factors""
  • "2.2 Mythical "Characteristic Signatures" of Asphaltenes in Optical Analytical Methods"
  • "2.2.1 Nonexistent "Resonance UV Absorption" of Asphaltenes"
  • "2.2.2 Mythical "Characteristic Monomer Peaks" in Fluorescence Emission Studies"
  • "2.3 Misconceptions about the Properties of UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of Asphaltenes"
  • "2.3.1 The Myth about the Absence of Asphaltene Aggregation Effects in Optical Absorption Studies"
  • "2.3.2 The Myth about the "Urbach Tail" in Optical Absorption Spectra of Asphaltenes and Crude Oils"
  • "2.3.2.1 Tauc Range"
  • "2.3.2.2 Urbach Range"
  • "2.3.2.3 Low Absorption (Defects) Range"
  • "2.3.3 In the UV/Vis Spectral Range Asphaltenes Apparently Act not as Absorbers, but as Scatterers"
  • "2.4 Current State of Knowledge about Asphaltene Monomers and Primary Asphaltene Aggregates."
  • "2.4.1 Some Requirements for Preparation of Dilute Asphaltene Solutions"
  • "2.4.2 Multiple States/Phases of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Optical Absorption Measurements"
  • "2.4.3 Multiple States/Phases of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Refractive Index Measurements"
  • "2.4.3.1 Mean Refractive Index at Concentrations below CNAC"
  • "2.4.3.2 Standard Deviation of Refractive Index at Concentrations below CNAC"
  • "2.4.4 Conditions for Observation of Asphaltene Monomers and Evolution of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Fluorescence Measurements"
  • "2.4.4.1 Studies of Steady-State Fluorescence Emission"
  • "2.4.4.2 Studies of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Emission"
  • "2.4.5 Evolution of Primary Asphaltene Aggregates Revealed by Mass Spectrometry"
  • "2.4.6 "Optical Interrogation" Reveals that Primary Asphaltene Aggregates are Porous and Entrap/Occlude Molecules of Metalloporphyrins and other Compounds"
  • "2.4.7 Apparent Absence of "Consecutive Aggregation" in Asphaltene Experiments: Revised Description of the Observed Non-monotonic Concentration Effects in Dilute Asphaltene Solutions"
  • "References"
  • "Chapter 3 ESR Characterization of Organic Free Radicals in Crude Oil and By-Products"
  • "3.1 Introduction"
  • "3.2 Organic-Free Radicals in Crude Oil"
  • "3.3 ESR of Crude Oil"
  • "3.4 By-Product Oil by ESR"
  • "3.5 ESR and Calculations on the Electronic Structure of Free Radicals in Oil By-Products"
  • "References"
  • "Chapter 4 High-Field, Pulsed, and Double Resonance Studies of Crude Oils and their Derivatives"
  • "4.1 Introduction"
  • "4.2 EPR: Basic Principles and Magnetic Interactions"
  • "4.3 EPR Pulse Sequences"
  • "4.4 Application Examples"
  • "4.4.1 W-Band, Relaxation Studies of VO2+ and FR in Asphaltenes Fractions"
  • "4.4.2 ENDOR of VO2+ in Crude Oil Samples"
  • "4.5 Conclusion"
  • "Acknowledgments."
  • "8.4 Chemometrics"
  • "8.4.1 Pretreatment"
  • "8.4.1.1 Smoothing"
  • "8.4.1.2 Multiplicative Scatter Correction"
  • "8.4.1.3 Mean Centering"
  • "8.4.1.4 Derivation"
  • "8.4.2 Calibration Model"
  • "8.4.2.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)"
  • "8.4.2.2 Partial Least Squares Regression"
  • "8.4.2.3 Artificial Neural Networks"
  • "8.4.3 Validation"
  • "8.4.4 Other Methods"
  • "8.5 Commercial NIR Equipment and Industrial Applications"
  • "8.5.1 Industrial Applications"
  • "8.5.1.1 Pipeline Product Analysis and Identification"
  • "8.5.1.2 Crude Distillation Optimization"
  • "8.5.1.3 Product Blending"
  • "8.5.1.4 Ethanol Fermentation"
  • "8.5.1.5 Conjugated Diolefins in Pygas"
  • "8.5.1.6 Regulatory Fuel Screening"
  • "8.6 Conclusions"
  • "References"
  • "Chapter 9 Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of Crude Oil and its Constituents"
  • "9.1 Introduction"
  • "9.2 Fundamentals of Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy"
  • "9.3 Infrared Spectroscopy"
  • "9.4 Raman Spectroscopy"
  • "9.5 Evaluation of Vibrational Spectra"
  • "9.6 Applications"
  • "9.7 Conclusion"
  • "References"
  • "Index."

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