Engineering of high-performance textiles

Engineering of High-Performance Textiles discusses the fiber-to-fabric engineering of various textile products. Each chapter focuses on practical guidelines and approaches for common issues in textile research and development. The book discusses high-performance fibers and yarns before presenting th...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors Miao, Menghe (Editor), Xin, John H. (Editor)
Format Electronic eBook
LanguageEnglish
Published Duxford, United Kingdom : Woodhead Publishing, [2018]
EditionFirst edition.
SeriesTextile Institute book series.
Subjects
Textile fabrics.
Textile fibers.
Industrial fabrics.
Textile fabrics > Technological innovations.
Textile fibers > Technological innovations.
elektronické knihy
electronic books
Online AccessFull text
ISBN9780081018859
0081018851
008101273X
9780081012734
Physical Description1 online resource

Cover

Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Engineering of High-Performance Textiles
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • Part One: Product design
  • Chapter 1: Fiber selection and substitution
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.1.1. Textile fibers
  • 1.1.2. Yarn production systems
  • 1.2. Fiber fineness
  • 1.2.1. Fibers according to fineness
  • 1.2.2. Fiber fineness and yarn count limit
  • 1.2.3. Wool according to diameter
  • 1.3. Fiber length
  • 1.3.1. Fiber length measurement
  • 1.3.2. Influence on yarn quality
  • 1.4. Fiber crimp
  • 1.5. Tensile properties
  • 1.6. Thermal conductivity
  • 1.7. Moisture absorbency
  • 1.7.1. Moisture absorption
  • 1.7.2. Wicking and drying
  • 1.8. Static electricity
  • 1.9. Fiber substitution
  • References
  • Further reading
  • Chapter 2: High-performance fibers for textiles
  • 2.1. High-strength fibers
  • 2.1.1. Introduction
  • 2.1.2. Natural high-strength fibers
  • 2.1.2.1. Silk fibroin
  • 2.1.2.2. Spider silk
  • 2.1.3. Synthetic strong fibers
  • 2.1.3.1. Inorganic fibers
  • Basalt fiber
  • Carbon fiber
  • 2.1.3.2. Organic fibers
  • Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber
  • Aramid fiber
  • PBO fiber
  • PIPD fiber
  • 2.1.4. Progress in high-strength fibers
  • 2.2. Temperature regulating fibers
  • 2.2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2.2. Hygroscopic exothermal fibers
  • 2.2.3. Heat-retaining hollow fibers
  • 2.2.4. Thermal storage of solar energy by fibers
  • 2.2.5. Electric (Joule) heating fibers
  • 2.2.6. Resistance to temperature change by fibers
  • 2.2.7. Cooling fibers
  • 2.3. Moisture control fibers
  • 2.3.1. Introduction
  • 2.3.2. Natural moisture control fibers
  • 2.3.2.1. Cellulosic fibers
  • 2.3.2.2. Protein fibers
  • 2.3.3. Synthetic moisture control fibers
  • 2.3.3.1. Modified natural fibers
  • 2.3.3.2. Polyester
  • 2.3.3.3. Polyester/nylon
  • 2.3.3.4. Polyester/ethylene-vinyl alcohol
  • 2.3.3.5. Nylon.
  • 2.3.3.6. Polyacrylonitrile
  • 2.3.4. Progress in moisture control fibers
  • 2.4. Elastic fibers
  • 2.4.1. Polyurethane elastic fiber-Elastane
  • 2.4.2. Olefin-based elastic fiber-Elastolefin
  • 2.4.3. Polyester elastic fiber-Elastomultiester
  • 2.4.4. Alkadienes elastic fiber-Elastodiene
  • 2.4.5. Polyether-ester elastic fiber (PEET)
  • 2.4.6. Hard elastic fibers
  • 2.4.7. Summary and future trends of elastic fibers
  • 2.5. Radiation shielding fibers
  • 2.5.1. Gamma and X-ray shielding
  • 2.5.2. Visible and IR lights shielding
  • 2.5.3. Microwave radiations shielding
  • 2.5.4. Summary and future trends
  • 2.6. Flame retardant fibers
  • 2.6.1. Introduction
  • 2.6.2. Aramids
  • 2.6.2.1. Meta-aramid
  • 2.6.2.2. Para-aramid
  • 2.6.2.3. Para-aramid copolymer
  • 2.6.3. Carbon and semicarbon
  • 2.6.4. Modacrylic
  • 2.6.5. Polyacrylate
  • 2.6.6. Chlorofiber
  • 2.6.7. Fluorocarbon (polytetrafluorethylene, PTFE)
  • 2.6.8. Phenolic
  • 2.6.9. Melamine
  • 2.6.10. Sulfur-containing poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)
  • 2.6.11. Polybenzoxazole (PBO)
  • 2.6.12. Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
  • 2.6.13. Polypyridobisimidazole (PIPD)
  • 2.6.14. Polyimide (PI)
  • 2.6.15. Polyamide-imide (PAI)
  • 2.6.16. Flame retardant viscose
  • 2.6.17. Flame retardant polyester
  • 2.6.18. Glass
  • 2.6.19. Progress/frontier
  • 2.7. Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Fiber blending
  • 3.1. Purposes of fiber blending or mixing
  • 3.2. Methods of blending
  • 3.2.1. Fabrics made from two or more types of yarns
  • 3.2.2. Union yarns
  • 3.2.3. Composite yarns made from staple fibers and continuous filaments
  • 3.2.4. Commingling of multifilament yarns
  • 3.2.5. Blended spun yarns
  • 3.3. Blending effects
  • 3.3.1. Strength of blended yarns
  • 3.3.2. Electrical percolation in blended yarns
  • 3.3.3. Twist requirement of blended yarns
  • 3.4. Examples of blended textiles.
  • 3.4.1. Cotton/polyester blends
  • 3.4.2. Wool/cotton blends
  • 3.4.3. Eliminating wool felting shrinkage
  • 3.4.4. Improving wrinkle resistance
  • 3.4.5. Elastane yarns
  • 3.4.6. Sportwool
  • 3.4.7. Differential shrinkage blends
  • 3.4.8. Spinning extra-fine-count yarns
  • 3.4.9. Melt-bonding fibers
  • 3.4.10. Fabric sensor from conductive and nonconductive fiber blends
  • 3.4.11. Commingled and blended yarns for thermoplastic composites
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Fiber-to-yarn predictions
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Fiber quality indices
  • 4.3. Theoretical models
  • 4.3.1. Models describing the relationship between fiber quality and yarn evenness
  • 4.3.2. Models describing the relationship between fiber quality and yarn tenacity
  • 4.4. Models used in industry
  • 4.5. Databases
  • 4.5.1. Considerations in selecting a training set
  • 4.5.2. Fiber and yarn results
  • 4.5.3. Model selection/considerations in development of prediction models
  • 4.5.4. Mill correction factor
  • 4.6. Validation of Cottonspec results
  • 4.7. Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Fabric structures: Woven, knitted, or nonwoven
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Woven fabrics
  • 5.2.1. Weave structures
  • 5.2.1.1. Plain weave
  • 5.2.1.2. Twill weave
  • 5.2.1.3. Satin weave
  • 5.2.2. Woven fabric specifications and fabric geometry
  • 5.2.2.1. Physical properties of woven fabrics
  • Packing of yarns in fabric
  • Fabric cover factors
  • Fabric mass
  • Fabric thickness
  • 5.2.2.2. Mechanical properties of woven fabrics
  • 5.2.2.3. Performance properties of woven fabrics
  • 5.2.3. Woven fabric production
  • 5.3. Knitted fabrics
  • 5.3.1. Weft-knitted fabrics
  • 5.3.1.1. Weft-knitted fabric structure
  • Plain structure
  • Rib structure
  • Purl structure
  • Interlock structure
  • 5.3.1.2. Weft-knitted fabric production
  • 5.3.1.3. Performance characteristics of weft-knitted fabric.
  • Stretch and recovery properties
  • Pilling and abrasion properties
  • Moisture and liquid absorption and transfer properties
  • Compression properties
  • 5.3.2. Warp-knitted fabrics
  • 5.3.2.1. Warp-knitted fabric structure
  • 5.3.2.2. Warp-knitted fabric production
  • 5.3.2.3. Performance characteristics of warp-knitted fabric
  • 5.4. Nonwoven fabrics
  • 5.4.1. Nonwoven fabric structures
  • 5.4.2. Nonwoven production technologies
  • 5.4.2.1. Web-forming techniques
  • Drylaid system
  • Wetlaid system
  • Spunlaid system
  • 5.4.2.2. Bonding techniques
  • Thermal bonding
  • Chemical bonding
  • Mechanical bonding
  • Needlepunching
  • Stitchbonding
  • Hydroentanglement
  • 5.4.3. Characteristics of nonwoven fabrics
  • References
  • Further reading
  • Chapter 6: Woven fabric structures and properties
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Introduction to woven structures
  • 6.2.1. Weave design
  • 6.2.2. Basic structural elements
  • 6.2.3. Influence of structure on fabric properties
  • 6.3. Geometrical analysis to woven fabric structures
  • 6.3.1. A geometrical model for plain weave
  • 6.3.2. Model parameters in describing important structural properties
  • 6.3.3. Geometrical model for noncircular yarn cross-sections
  • 6.3.4. Modeling different fabric weaves
  • 6.4. Influence on fabric properties-By structural modifications
  • 6.5. Mechanical properties of woven fabric
  • 6.5.1. Tensile behavior
  • 6.5.1.1. Fabric parameters affecting tensile behavior
  • 6.5.2. Shear behavior
  • 6.5.3. Bending behavior
  • 6.5.4. Buckling behavior
  • 6.6. Influence of 3D woven structures on fabric properties
  • References
  • Part Two: Performance enhancement
  • Chapter 7: Colorfastness
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Factors affecting colorfastness
  • 7.2.1. Interaction between a dye and a fiber
  • 7.2.2. Pigmented fabrics
  • 7.2.2.1. Pigment dyeing.
  • 7.2.3. External influences on colorfastness
  • 7.2.3.1. Daylight
  • 7.2.3.2. Laundering/wetfastness
  • 7.2.3.3. Dry cleaning
  • 7.2.3.4. Rub fastness
  • 7.2.3.5. Perspiration
  • 7.2.3.6. Heat
  • 7.2.3.7. Atmospheric pollutants
  • 7.3. Colorfastness properties of specific fiber-dye systems
  • 7.3.1. Natural fibers
  • 7.3.1.1. Cellulosic fibers
  • 7.3.1.2. Wool
  • 7.3.1.3. Silk
  • 7.3.2. Synthetic fibers
  • 7.3.2.1. Polyester
  • 7.3.2.2. Polyamides
  • 7.3.2.3. Acrylic fibers
  • 7.3.2.4. Others
  • 7.4. Finishes to improve colorfastness
  • 7.4.1. Improving washfastness
  • 7.4.2. UV protection
  • 7.5. Assessment of colorfastness
  • 7.5.1. Colorfastness standards and test methods
  • 7.5.2. Gray scales
  • 7.5.3. Standard test methods
  • 7.5.3.1. Lightfastness
  • 7.5.3.2. Washfastness
  • 7.5.3.3. Crocking and rubbing fastness
  • 7.5.3.4. Perspiration fastness
  • 7.5.3.5. Chlorinated water
  • 7.5.3.6. Fastness to dry cleaning
  • 7.5.3.7. Other factors
  • 7.6. Future trends
  • 7.7. Sources of further information and advice
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • Chapter 8: Easy-care treatments for fabrics and garments
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Definition of easy-care properties and test methods
  • 8.3. Development of easy-care finishing technology
  • 8.3.1. Formaldehyde-based compounds
  • 8.3.2. Formaldehyde-free compounds
  • 8.3.2.1. Early products
  • 8.3.2.2. Current products
  • Polycarboxylic acids
  • Citric acid
  • Malic acid
  • Maleic acid and itaconic acid
  • 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic acid
  • Polyamino carboxylic acids (PACAs)
  • Ionic cross-linking agents
  • Further possibilities of formaldehyde-free easy-care finishing
  • 8.3.3. Use of nanotechnology in easy-care finishing
  • 8.3.4. Combination of easy-care with other functional finishing
  • 8.3.4.1. Easy-care and flame retardancy finishing
  • 8.3.4.2. Easy-care and antimicrobial finishing.

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