Gas sweetening and processing field manual

Although the processing of natural gas is in many respects less complicated than the processing and refining of crude oil, it is equally as necessary before its use by end users. The actual process used to separate oil from natural gas, as well as the equipment that is used, can vary widely. Gas Swe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author Stewart, Maurice
Other Authors Arnold, Ken, 1942-
Format Electronic eBook
LanguageEnglish
Published Waltham, MA : Gulf Professional Pub., ©2011.
SeriesKnovel Library.
Subjects
Natural gas > Sweetening.
elektronické knihy
electronic books
Online AccessFull text
ISBN9781856179836
1856179834
9781856179829
1856179826
1283311089
9781283311083
Physical Description1 online resource (ix, 186 pages) : illustrations

Cover

Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: Processing natural gas
  • Introduction
  • Natural Gas Processing
  • Oil and Condensate Removal
  • Water Removal
  • Glycol Dehydration
  • Solid-Desiccant Dehydration
  • Separation of NGLs
  • NGL Extraction
  • Absorption Method
  • Cryogenic Expansion Process
  • NGL Fractionation
  • Sulfur and Carbon Dioxide Removal
  • Gas Sweetening Plant
  • Acid gas considerations
  • Acid Gases
  • Sour Gas
  • Sweet Gas
  • Gas Sales Contracts Limit Concentration of Acid Compounds
  • CO2
  • H2S
  • Partial Pressure
  • NACE RP 0186
  • Sweetening processes
  • Solid bed processes
  • General Process Description
  • Iron Sponge Process
  • Application
  • Regeneration
  • Hydrate Considerations
  • Sulfa-Treat Process
  • Application
  • Molecular Sieve Process
  • Regeneration
  • Mechanical Degradation
  • Application
  • Zinc Oxide Process
  • Process
  • Bed Considerations
  • Application
  • Chemical solvent processes
  • General Process Description
  • Regeneration
  • Note continued: Most Common Chemical Solvents
  • Amine Processes
  • Amine Considerations
  • Process Description
  • Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)
  • Monoethanolamine (MEA) Systems
  • Diethanolamine (DEA) Systems
  • Diglycolamine® (DGA) Systems
  • Diisopropanolamine (DIPA) Systems
  • Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Systems
  • Inhibited Amine Systems
  • Hot Potassium Carbonate Systems
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • Performance
  • Dead Spot Considerations
  • Corrosion Considerations
  • Proprietary Carbonate Systems
  • Specialty Batch Chemical Solvents
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • Performance
  • Sulfa-Check
  • Concentration Considerations
  • Bubble Flow
  • Disposal of Oxidizing Solution
  • Physical solvent processes
  • General Process Description
  • Fluor Solvent Process
  • Sulfinol® Process
  • Acid Gas Loadings
  • Features of the Sulfinol® Process Include
  • Design Considerations
  • Foam Considerations
  • Note continued: Factors to Consider Before Selecting a Treating Process
  • Selexol® Process
  • Rectisol Process
  • Direct conversion processes
  • General Process Description
  • Stretford Process
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • IFP Process
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • Ratio of H2S to SO2
  • LO-CAT®
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • Operating Considerations
  • Sulferox®
  • Claus
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • Tail Gas Treating
  • General Discussion
  • Sulfa-Check
  • General Discussion
  • Distillation process
  • Ryan-Holmes Distillation Process
  • General Discussion
  • Process Description
  • Gas permeation process
  • Membranes
  • Definition
  • Applications
  • Membrane Permeation
  • Asymmetric Membrane Structure
  • Composite Membrane Structure
  • Membrane Elements
  • Membrane Skids
  • Design Considerations
  • Process Variables Affecting Design
  • Process Flow Schemes
  • Membrane Pretreatment
  • Note continued: General Considerations
  • Pretreatment System Considerations
  • Traditional Pretreatment
  • Additions to Traditional Pretreatment
  • Enhanced Pretreatment
  • Advantages of Membrane Systems
  • Lower Capital Cost (CAPEX)
  • Lower Operating Costs (OPEX)
  • Deferred Capital Investment
  • High Turndown
  • Operational Simplicity and High Reliability
  • Good Weight and Space Efficiency
  • Adaptability
  • Environmental Friendly
  • Design Efficiency
  • Power Generation
  • Ideal for De-bottlenecking
  • Ideal for Remote Locations
  • Process selection
  • Inlet Gas Stream Analysis
  • General Considerations
  • Removal of H2S to Meet Pipeline Qualities (4 ppm)
  • Feeds with Small Acid Gas Loadings
  • Feeds with Moderate to High Acid Gas Loadings
  • Process Must Be Added Downstream of the Amine System
  • General Considerations
  • Feeds with Low Concentrations of CO2
  • Feeds with Increasing Concentrations of CO2
  • Selection Charts
  • Selection Procedure
  • Note continued: Design procedure
  • Iron Sponge
  • General Considerations
  • Design Considerations
  • The Amine System
  • General Considerations
  • Amine Absorbers
  • Amine Circulation Rates
  • Heat of Reaction
  • Flash Vessel
  • Amine Reboiler
  • Amine Stripper
  • Overhead Condenser and Reflux Accumulator
  • Rich/Lean Amine Exchangers
  • Amine Cooler
  • Amine Solution Purification
  • Amine Solution Pumps
  • Procedure for Sizing an Amine System
  • Design examples (oilfield units)
  • Example Problem 1: Iron Sponge Unit
  • Example Problem 2: Amine Processing Unit (DEA)
  • Design examples (SI units)
  • Example Problem 1: Iron Sponge Unit
  • Example Problem 2: Amine Processing Unit (DEA)
  • Nomenclature
  • References
  • NGL recovery considerations
  • "Gas Processing" Is Used to Refer to the Removal of
  • Liquids May Be
  • Processing Objectives
  • Producing Transportable Gas
  • Condensation Has Two Drawbacks
  • Two Alternatives Exist
  • Meeting Sales-Gas Specifications
  • Note continued: Most Gas Specifications Contain
  • If HC Is More Valuable as a Liquid
  • If HC Is More Valuable as a Gas
  • Maximizing Liquid Recovery
  • Value of NGL components
  • Ethane and Heavier HC Components (C2+) Can Be Liquefied
  • "Crude Spiking"
  • Gas processing terminology
  • Definitions of LPG and NGL
  • Liquid recovery processes
  • Any Cooling Will Induce Condensation and Yield NGL
  • Absorption/Lean Oil Process
  • General Considerations
  • In Most Lean Oil Plants
  • Liquid Recovery Levels
  • Disadvantages
  • Mechanical Refrigeration
  • Joule[-]Thomson (J[-]T) Expansions
  • Cryogenic (Expansion Turbine) Plants
  • Advantages
  • Process selection
  • If the NGL Content of the Feed Gas Is Low
  • For Gases Very Rich in NGL
  • If the Inlet Gas Pressure Is Very High
  • Low Inlet Gas Pressure
  • Very Low Gas Rates
  • Large Flow Rates
  • Remote Wells
  • Fractionation
  • Design considerations.

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