http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
1 online resource (xix, 370 pages) : illustrations
This book discusses the progress that is being made through innovations in instrumental measurements of geologic and geochemical systems and their study using modern mathematical modeling. It covers the systems approach to understanding sedimentary rocks and their role in evolution and containment of subsurface fluids. Fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons are discussed with worldwide examples. Various physical and chemical properties of subsurface waters, crude oils and natural gases are described which is especially important to production engineering. Among various properties of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons the most important are wettability affecting production characteristics and ultimate recovery: relative permeability affecting reservoir fluid flow to the production wells; density differences between immiscible fluids which affects gravity drainage; viscosity of subsurface fluids affecting the relative mobility of each fluid; and fluid chemistry, which affects the absorption, ultimate recovery and monetary value of produced hydrocarbons. Discussion of the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons includes (1) the changes in the chemical composition of hydrocarbons that originate from the debris of living plants and organisms to form crude oil and natural gas; (2) the origin of hydrocarbons in different areas of a single reservoir; (3) the conditions, which determine the distribution of water, oil and gas in the reservoir; (4) the migration of subsurface fluids until they eventually accumulate in isolated traps; (5) discussion of the traps as a function of sedimentary geology and tectonics. This is based on the systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems using analytical and statistical principles and examples of modern mathematical modeling of static and dynamic systems. * Discusses fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, and generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons * Presents a systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems.
Systems approach in science -- Oil- and gas-bearing rocks -- Temperature and pressure in the subsurface -- Water -- Crude oils -- Natural gases and condensates -- Dispersed organic matter Original Research Article -- Origin of oil and natural gas Original Research Article -- Formation of hydrocarbon accumulations -- Classifications of oil and gas accumulations Original Research Article -- Mathematical modeling in petroleum geology -- gAppendix A: Wettability and capillarity -- Appendix B: Permeability -- Appendix C: Glossary -- References and Bibliography.
Cover -- Contents -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Nomenclature -- Abbreviations -- Systems Approach in Science -- Natural Systems and their Classification -- Rocks, Water, Organic Matter and Gases as a Specific Natural System -- Systems Approach in Petroleum Geology -- Oil and Gas-Bearing Rocks -- Composition of Oil- and Gas-Bearing Rocks -- Reservoir Rocks -- Porosity -- Permeability -- Caprocks -- Oil and Gas Reservoirs -- Temperature and Pressure in the Subsurface -- Deformation of Rocks in Depth -- Porosity and permeability versus depth of burial -- Temperature -- Paleotemperature -- Abnormally-High Formation Pressure -- Well-logging data -- Seismic data -- Drilling data -- Effect of pressure and temperature -- Effect of formation water chemistry -- Secondary montmorillonite -- Origin of Abnormal Formation Pressures -- Water -- Physical and Chemical Properties of Waters -- Classifications of Oilfield Waters -- Water Drive -- Water drive systems -- Crude Oils -- Composition of Crude Oils£ð -- Classification of Crude Oils -- Natural Gases and Condensates -- Composition of Natural Gases -- Isotope Composition of Natural Gases -- Carbon -- Hydrogen -- Sulfur -- Nitrogen -- Inert gases -- Physical Properties of Natural Gases -- Gas density -- Combustion heating value -- Compressibility of natural gases -- Deviation of pressure at bottom of gas column -- Gas viscosity -- Hydrate formation -- Solubility of gases in water -- Solubility of hydrocarbon gases in crude oils -- Phase Transformation and Condensates££ -- Dispersed Organic Matter -- Organic Matter Insoluble in Organic Solvents: Kerogen -- Insoluble Portion of Organic Matter -- Organic Matter Soluble in Organic Solvents -- Combined Studies of Soluble and Insoluble Portions of Organic Matter -- Origin of Oil and Natural Gas -- Initial Organic Matter and its Transformation -- Stagewise Nature and Cyclic Transformation of Organic Matter -- Role of Energy in the Oil Generation Process -- Formation of Hydrocarbon Accumulations -- Sedimentary Basins -- Hydrocarbon Expulsion ("Primary Migration"), Heterogeneity of the Medium, Dissolution in Water and Gas, and Diffusion -- Overburden Pressure -- Pore Pressure -- Rock Compaction -- Temperature -- Geochemical Non-Uniformity -- Dissolution in Compressed Gases (See Retrograde Dissolution in Chapter 6) -- Diffusion -- Primary Accumulation and Free Phase Migration ("Secondary Migration") -- Time of Formation of Hydrocarbon Accumulations -- Paleogeologic Method -- Mineralogic Technique -- Helium- Argon Technique -- Determination Based on the Composition of Oil Fractions with Boiling Point below 200C -- Volumetric Technique -- Saturation Pressure Technique -- Classifications of Oil and Gas Accumulations -- Classification of Types of Oil and Gas Accumulations and Traps, Reserves, Fluid Quality, Production Rates -- Classification of Hydrocarbon Accumulations Based on Phase Relationships -- Gas accumulations -- Oil accumulations -- Classification of Oil and Gas Reservoirs Based on Drive Mechanism -- Solution gas drive -- Gas-cap drive -- Water drive -- Gravity drainage -- Combination-drive reservoirs -- Open combination-drive res.
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Includes bibliographical references (pages 345-360) and indexes.