http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
1 online resource (xvii, 292 pages) : illustrations
"The birth of the social sciences and specifically of sociology begets some open questions, among which the debate on altruism and the concept of social solidarity. The term altruism was firstly used by Auguste Comte. It is one of the few terms born within the scientific field that will enter the common language roughly maintaining the same meaning. For the positivist Comte, altruism represented the powerful impulse to the intellectual and moral development of humanity to which we must strive as a future state. The term commonly means all those actions whose benefits fall on others and not on the agent (actor). In short, for Comte, altruism means "to live for others" (vivre pour autrui). The centrality of altruism as part of the reflections of social sciences can be found in many classic authors. Durkheim, for example, explains the foundations of social solidarity in modern society precisely through the opposition between altruism and egoism and defines its implications in the book Le Suicide in 1897, also identifying what will later become the main typology of suicide by contrasting altruistic suicide with egoistic suicide. Likewise, both Weber and Marx, while not using the term altruism as such, refer to it indirectly. The former, when describing the ethics of love for the charismatic authority as opposed to legal and rational authority, the latter, when corroborating his polemics against Christian charity. The interest in altruism as an object of study of social sciences, however, is progressively waning - especially in Europe. From the second half of the last century, theoretical and empirical studies show the indifference of social scientists towards this object, except for the Russian-American sociologist Sorokin, who in 1949 founded the Harvard Research Center in Creative Altruism. In recent years, however, the topic seems to take renewed vigor, especially in the United States with the birth in 2012 of the section "Altruism, Morality & Social Solidarity" within the American Sociological Association. It considered these three aspects as a single field of disciplinary specialization, since they are significantly dependent on socio-cultural reality. This is the situation in the United States. In Europe, there is a renewed interest in studies on altruism, especially in French-language sociology, above all starting from the numerous contributions to reading and re-reading work on Marcel Mauss's on gift of 1925, and in following the anti-utilitarian movement and studies of the school of social representations of Moscovici, which leads to the definition of the elementary forms of altruism. The book aims to analyze the concept of altruism starting from classical philosophy up to the systems of ideas of contemporaneity, considering the approaches and authors of reference in an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary way. The representations of altruism and egoism in contemporary society are constantly changing, following the transformations of society itself. Having abandoned the idea that the factors leading to altruism or egoism lay only in human nature, we find them in people's conduct, freedom, relationships, their associative forms and society. The attention is thus turned to two elements of the daily life of individuals: culture and social relations. The book tries, therefore, through the meso-theories developed in recent decades, which study the relationships between life-world and social system, to describe the links between altruism, egoism, culture and social relations. We will pay particular attention to the relationality of individuals, in an attempt to overcome the dichotomy altruism/egoism by reading some aspects little considered by previous studies - or contemplated only indirectly or marginally. The ultimate goal is to highlight how positive actions are necessary for the contemporary society and how social sciences must go back and study positive socio-cultural actions and phenomena, not only negative, as a way to promote them for the well-being of the society"--
Introduction : the tensions and transformations of moving in communities / Susanne Normann and Floor van Alphen -- Constituting childbirth activism in Argentina : a study of place, identity, and emotions / María Fernanda González -- The performative momentum of the hashtag : an examination of the #MeToo movement / Andreas A. Andersen and Nikolai S.K. Lybaek -- Meaning making processes in a professional community of social workers / Line Søberg Bjerre -- Making meaning of disability in residents' meetings for municipal welfare policy / Masakuni Tagaki -- Maneuvering around conflicts between international development NGOs and local communities toward poverty alleviation in Ghana / Seth Amofah -- Restoration of purpose : a goal-focused approach to cultural transformation and well-being promotion among marginalized communities / David Krzesni and Simon Coulombe -- Experiencing change : interrelations between individual and social transformations / Sarah H. Awad -- Recognition as a catalyst for agency : experiences from an intercultural art project for young people / Hildegunn Marie T. Seip -- The migration project : studying the narrative construction of migrant mobility in a nonlinear way / Eva Céspedes and Floor van Alphen -- Exploring the tensions and possible transformations in talent bobility to Estonian University / Muhammed Abdulai -- Self-expansion through proculturation : semiotic movement toward curvilinear development / Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia -- "Apart from being taught, you teach yourself" : appropriation and religious trajectories among children and youth in a Toba/Qom neighborhood of Buenos Aires / Mariana García Palacios -- Cultural psychology, communities and the construction of excluding spaces : the production of foreigners / Danilo Silva Guimarães.
editors, Floor van Alphen and Susanne Normann.
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