Physiological aspects of legged terrestrial locomotion : the motor and the machine

• Main Author: Cavagna, Giovanni (Author)
• Format: Electronic eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Cham, Switzerland : Springer, 2017.
• Subjects: Locomotion.; Muscles.; elektronické knihy; electronic books
• ISBN: 9783319499802; 9783319499796
• Physical Description: 1 online resource : illustrations (some color)

This book offers a succinct but comprehensive description of the mechanics of muscle contraction and legged terrestrial locomotion. It describes on the one hand how the fundamental properties of muscle tissue affect the mechanics of locomotion, and on the other, how the mechanics of locomotion modif...

Table of Contents:

• Foreword; Preface; Contents; Muscle: The Motor; 1 Experimental Procedures in the Study of Muscle Mechanics; Abstract; 1.1 Muscle Chamber and Stimulation; 1.2 Isometric Contraction; 1.3 Isotonic Contraction; 1.4 Isovelocity Contraction; 1.5 Single Muscle Fiber and Fiber Segment; 1.6 Response of a System to an Action; References; 2 Functional Anatomy of Muscle; Abstract; 2.1 Structures in Series and in Parallel; 2.2 Localization of the "Motor" and of the Undamped Elastic Elements; 2.3 Elastic Elements Having the Function of Containing and Centering the Contractile Component; References.
• 3 Measurements Made During or Starting from a State of Isometric ContractionAbstract; 3.1 Phases of Muscular Contraction Determined on the Whole Muscle; 3.2 Stress-Strain Diagram of the Apparent Elastic Elements Determined on the Whole Muscle; 3.3 Twitch, Clonus and Tetanus; 3.4 Force-Length Relation (Isometric Contraction); 3.5 Functional Consequences of the Force-Length Relation; 3.5.1 Equilibrium Conditions; 3.5.2 Limitation of the Movement Created by the Sarcomeres; 3.6 Force-Velocity Relation (Isotonic and Isovelocity Contractions); 3.6.1 Experimental Procedure.
• 3.6.2 Description of the Force-Velocity Diagram3.6.3 Effect of Muscle Length; 3.6.4 Force-Velocity of Shortening Relation at Different Times Since the Beginning of Stimulation; 3.6.5 General Meaning of the Force-Velocity of Shortening Relation; 3.6.6 Theoretical Interpretation of the Force-Velocity of Shortening Relation; 3.7 Functional Consequences of the Force-Velocity Relation; 3.7.1 Power; 3.7.2 Cost of Positive and Negative Work; 3.8 Dynamic Force-Length Diagram (Iso-velocity Contraction); 3.9 Phases of Muscular Contraction Determined on the Single Muscle Fiber.
• 3.9.1 Force-Length Diagram of the Undamped Structure Within the Sarcomere3.9.2 Force-Length Diagram of the Damped Structure Within the Sarcomere; References; 4 Measurements Made After Stretching the Contracting Muscle; Abstract; 4.1 Evidence of an Enhancement of Positive Work Production by a Previously Stretched Muscle; 4.2 What is the Origin of the Extra Work Done by a Previously Stretched Muscle?; 4.3 Experiments Made on the Whole Muscle; 4.3.1 Mechanical Work and Efficiency in Isolated Frog and Rat Muscle; 4.3.2 The Apparent Enhancement of the Contractile Component.
• 4.3.3 Modification of the Apparent Elastic Characteristics of Muscle4.3.4 Physiological Meaning of the Modification of the Apparent Elastic Characteristics of Muscle; 4.3.5 Effect of Temperature on the Kinetics of the Fall in Force After Stretching (Stress-Relaxation); 4.3.6 Effect of a Time Interval Between Stretching and Shortening; 4.4 Experiments Made on the Single Muscular Fiber; 4.4.1 Effect of Temperature and of the Velocity of Lengthening on the Kinetics of the Fall in Force After Stretching.