The Earth's lower mantle : composition and structure

• Main Author: Kaminsky, Felix V.
• Format: Electronic eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Cham : Springer, 2017.
• Series: Springer geology.
• Subjects: Earth (Planet) > Mantle.; Earth (Planet); elektronické knihy; electronic books
• ISBN: 9783319556840; 9783319556833
• Physical Description: 1 online resource : color illustrations

This book presents the first overview of the composition and structure of the Earth's lower mantle. The first part focuses on the study of lower-mantle minerals, identified as inclusions in diamonds from different regions of the world. Three associations are established among the lower-mantle m...

Table of Contents:

• Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; Reference; 2 General Physical and Chemical Models of the Earth's Lower Mantle; Abstract; 2.1 General; 2.2 Seismic Velocities in the Lower Mantle; 2.3 Density Profile; 2.4 Compositional Models and Chemical Homogeneity/Heterogeneity of the Lower Mantle; 2.5 Geotherm; 2.6 Liquidus and Solidus of Mantle Material; 2.7 Oxidation Potential in the Lower Mantle; 2.7.1 General; 2.7.2 Oxygen Fugacity Conditions of the Formation of Natural Ferropericlase; 2.7.3 Oxygen Fugacity Conditions in the Lower Mantle; 2.8 Conclusions; References.
• 3 Lower-Mantle Mineral AssociationsAbstract; 3.1 General; 3.2 Experimental Data; 3.2.1 Early Techniques; 3.2.2 Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) and Multi-anvil Cell Apparatus with Sintered Diamond (SD) Anvil Techniques; 3.2.3 Composition of the Lower Mantle According to Experimental Data; 3.3 Computational Simulations; 3.3.1 General; 3.3.2 First-Principles Approximations; 3.3.3 Ab Initio Methods; 3.3.4 Density Functional Theory (DFT); 3.3.5 Composition of the Lower Mantle According to Theoretical Calculations; 3.4 Lower-Mantle Minerals in the Terrestrial Environment; 3.4.1 General.
• 3.4.2 South Africa and South Australia3.4.3 Brazil; 3.4.4 Guinea; 3.4.5 Canada; 3.4.6 Other Suggested Finds; 3.5 Lower-Mantle Mineral Associations; 3.5.1 General; 3.5.2 Ultramafic Mineral Association; 3.5.3 Mafic Mineral Association; 3.5.4 Carbonatitic Association; 3.6 Conclusions; References; 4 Ultramafic Lower-Mantle Mineral Association; Abstract; 4.1 General; 4.2 Bridgmanite (Mg, Fe)SiO3; 4.2.1 General; 4.2.2 Chemical Composition of Natural Bridgmanite; 4.2.3 Crystal Structure of Bridgmanite; 4.2.4 Physical Properties; 4.3 Periclase-Wüstite Solid Solution Phases (Mg, Fe)O; 4.3.1 General.
• 4.3.2 Chemical Composition of Natural (Mg, Fe)O4.3.3 Crystal Structure and Phase Transitions of Ferropericlase-Magnesiowüstite at High Pressures and Temperatures; 4.3.4 Physical Properties of Ferropericlase-Magnesiowüstite; 4.4 Iron Partitioning Between Bridgmanite and Ferropericlase; 4.4.1 General; 4.4.2 Experimental Works on Partitioning of Iron Between Bridgmanite and Ferropericlase; 4.4.3 Natural Samples; 4.4.4 Partition Coefficient of Iron in Natural Bridgmanite-Ferropericlase Assemblages; 4.4.5 Role of Ni and Al in the Iron Partition Coefficient Distribution.
• 4.4.6 Regional Differences in the Distribution of Iron in Ferropericlase and Bridgmanite4.4.7 Major Differences in Iron Partitioning Between Natural Samples and Mineral Physics Results; 4.4.8 Conclusions; 4.5 CaSiO3 Perovskite; 4.5.1 General; 4.5.2 Chemical Composition of Natural CaSiO3 Perovskite; 4.5.3 Crystal Structures and Phase Transitions; 4.5.4 Physical Properties; 4.6 Silica SiO2; 4.6.1 General; 4.6.2 Phase Transitions in Silica at High Pressures and Temperatures; 4.6.3 Physical Properties; 4.6.4 Origin of Silica Polymorphs in the Lower-Mantle Ultramafic Association.