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Avian ecology in Latin American cityscapes
This book gathers a representative sample of the relevant knowledge related to the ecology, behavior, and conservation of birds in urban Latin America. Latin America is one of the most biodiverse regions of the world, yet it is still understudied. Although it concentrates most of its population in rapidly growing cities under considerable economic, social, and environmental disparity, the study of the effects that urbanization has on biodiversity in Latin America is still insufficient. Among the best-studied wildlife groups, birds have been widely used as bioindicators in urban areas. Going from general to specific information regarding avian communities, populations, behavior, threats, and conservation issues, this book describes the state-of-the-art of avian urban ecology in the region. Such knowledge will hopefully promote the regional consolidation of the field and encourage future mechanistic studies that untangle the recorded patterns in order to have the required information to bridge the gap between evidence-based knowledge and practice in urban systems. Thus, the information included in this document will allow scientists, students, and even decision takers to relate with the current knowledge and gaps related to the topic, providing perspective for future studies and actions.
Dedication; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: Birds from Urban Latin America, Where Economic Inequality and Urbanization Meet Biodiversity; 1.1 Urbanization: Ecological Consequences and Study Paradigms; 1.2 Latin America, a Complex Scenario for Biodiversity; 1.3 Bird Responses to Urbanization; 1.4 Avian Studies in Urban Latin America; References; Chapter 2: What#x80;#x99;s New? An Updated Review of Avian Ecology in Urban Latin America; 2.1 Urbanization, Birds, and Latin America; 2.2 What#x80;#x99;s New? An Updated Review on Bird Studies in Urban Latin America.
2.2.1 Ecological Patterns and Processes2.2.1.1 Urban Gradients; 2.2.1.2 Comparisons Among Different Environmental Conditions; 2.2.1.3 Local Environmental Predictors; 2.2.1.4 Regional Scale Predictors; 2.2.1.5 Novel Resource Use; 2.2.1.6 Bird-Plant Interactions; 2.2.1.7 Behavior; 2.2.1.8 Noise; 2.2.1.9 Urban Avian Diseases; 2.2.2 Species Lists and New Records; 2.3 Conclusions; Appendix 2.1 List of Retrieved Publications in the Search that Were Not Cited in the Chapter; References; Chapter 3: Who Is Who in the City? Bird Species Richness and Composition in Urban Latin America.
3.1 Introduction3.2 Global Species Richness and Composition Patterns; 3.2.1 Species Richness; 3.2.2 Species Composition; 3.2.3 Updated Global Literature Review; 3.3 Species Richness and Composition in Urban Latin America; 3.4 Updated Literature Review of Urban Latin America; 3.5 Future Directions; References; Chapter 4: Flocking the City: Avian Demography and Population Dynamics in Urban Latin America; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Global Perspective; 4.2.1 Abundance; 4.2.2 Demography; 4.3 Latin America; 4.3.1 Abundance; 4.3.1.1 Urban Matrix; 4.3.1.2 Urban Greenspaces; 4.3.2 Demography.
4.4 Opportunities and Future Research NeedsReferences; Chapter 5: #x80;#x98;Green#x80;#x99; or #x80;#x98;Gray#x80;#x99;? Infrastructure and Bird Ecology in Urban Latin America; 5.1 Urban Infrastructure; 5.2 Global Role of #x80;#x98;Gray#x80;#x99; and #x80;#x98;Green#x80;#x99; Infrastructure on Birds; 5.3 Role of #x80;#x98;Gray#x80;#x99; and #x80;#x98;Green#x80;#x99; Infrastructure on Birds in Latin America; 5.3.1 #x80;#x98;Gray#x80;#x99; Infrastructure; 5.3.2 #x80;#x98;Green#x80;#x99; Infrastructure; 5.3.2.1 Greenspace Location; 5.3.2.2 Greenspace Size and Heterogeneity; 5.3.2.3 Greenspace Vegetation Traits; 5.3.2.4 Greenspace Management and Human Activities.
5.4 Opportunities and Future Research NeedsReferences; Chapter 6: Stay or Leave? Avian Behavioral Responses to Urbanization in Latin America; 6.1 Urbanization and Bird Behavior; 6.2 Avian Responses to Urbanization; 6.2.1 Ethological Adjustments to Novel Environments; 6.3 Behavioral Challenges in Urban Areas; 6.4 Behavioral Background of #x80;#x98;Avoiders#x80;#x99;, #x80;#x98;Utilizers#x80;#x99;, and #x80;#x98;Dwellers#x80;#x99;; 6.5 Avian Behavior in Urban Latin America; 6.5.1 Habitat Loss and Fragmentation; 6.5.2 Resource Availability; 6.5.3 Pollution; 6.5.4 Species Interactions; 6.5.5 Human Activities.
Ian MacGregor-Fors, Juan F. Escobar-Ibáñez, editors.
6.6 Conclusions, Research Gaps, and Future Directions.
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