Dermal drug selection and development : an industrial perspective

• Main Author: Trottet, Lionel
• Other Authors: Maibach, Howard I.
• Format: Electronic eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Cham : Springer, 2017.
• Subjects: Transdermal medication.; elektronické knihy; electronic books
• ISBN: 9783319595047; 9783319595030
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (154 pages)

The authors show how the pharmaceutical industry faces the development of dermal drugs and provide the only book of its kind that describes how the industry develops and selects dermal drugs, complete with the challenges and opportunities of the field. Delivery of drugs through the skin has been an...

Table of Contents:

• Dedication; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Developing a New Medicine; 1.2 Key Risks at the Candidate Selection Stage; 1.3 Attrition in the Pharmaceutical Industry; 1.4 Evolution of the Pharma R & D Over the Last Two Decades; 1.5 Pharma R & D Productivity in Decline; 1.6 Cost of Pharma R & D and Cost Up to Candidate Selection; 1.7 Increased Risks in Developing a Topical Drug; 1.8 Increased Opportunities to Develop a Topical Drug; References; Chapter 2: Choosing Topical Drug Candidate: Historical Overview.
• 2.1 The Pragmatic Topical Drug Development Approach: An Existing Oral/Systemic Drug is Further Developed as a Topical2.1.1 Local Anaesthetics (<1900); 2.1.2 Corticosteroids (1952); 2.1.3 Retinoids (1962); 2.1.4 Antifungals (1967); 2.1.5 NSAIDS (1971); 2.1.6 Antivirals (1983); 2.1.7 Vitamin D3 Derivatives (Late 1980s); 2.1.8 Immunosuppressors (1992); 2.1.9 Summary; 2.2 Moving towards Improved Topical Drug Candidate Selection Processes: Use of In Vivo Models; 2.2.1 The Particular Case of Corticosteroids: Use of Human Models (Early 1960s); 2.2.2 Topical Rodent Models (1960s).
• 2.2.3 Combined Use of Topical Models and Systemic Rodent Models (1980s)2.2.4 Use of Topical Pig Models (1990s); 2.3 Historical Topical Drug Candidate Selection Summary; References; Chapter 3: Key Factors Affecting the Efficacy of a Topical Drug Candidate: Learnings from Past Topical Drug Development; 3.1 Skin Barrier Condition vs. "Easiness" of Topical Drug Development; 3.1.1 Skin and Its Barrier; 3.1.2 Skin Disease, Target Site in Skin and Skin Barrier Properties; 3.1.3 Success Rate of First in Class Topical Drugs; 3.1.3.1 Easy Development Drug Class; 3.1.3.2 Difficult Development Drug Class.
• 3.1.4 Summary of Impact of Skin Disease, Its Target Site, Its Barrier and Success Rate of Topical Drug Development3.2 Drug Potency and Clinical Efficacy; References; Chapter 4: Topical Versus Oral/Systemic Drug Discovery; 4.1 Drug Discovery Evolution; 4.2 Oral/Systemic Drug Discovery; 4.3 Topical Drug Discovery; 4.4 Two Key Differences in Discharging Risk in Between the Oral/Systemic and Topical Drug Discovery Processes; 4.4.1 Defining Target Tissue (Skin) Concentration; 4.4.2 Checking that Pharmacokinetic Parameters Are Appropriate; 4.4.2.1 Bioavailability and Delivery Rate.
• 4.4.2.2 Concept of "Half-Life" in Topical Therapy4.5 Consequences for Preclinical Stage: "Maximising Percutaneous Flux"; 4.6 Learnings from the Oral Drug Development Process; References; Chapter 5: Assessing Drug Concentration in Skin: Direct and Indirect Methods; 5.1 Direct Methods; 5.1.1 Tape Stripping (Vitro/Vivo); 5.1.1.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.1.2 Pros; 5.1.1.3 Cons; 5.1.2 Skin Biopsy; 5.1.2.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.2.2 Pros; 5.1.2.3 Cons; 5.1.3 In Vitro Percutaneous Studies: Skin Tissue Concentration; 5.1.3.1 Description + Use of Method; 5.1.3.2 Pros; 5.1.3.3 Cons.