Cellular osmolytes : from chaperoning protein folding to clinical perspectives

• Other Authors: Singh, Laishram Rajendrakumar (Editor), Dar, Tanveer Ali (Editor)
• Format: Electronic eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore : Springer, 2017.
• Subjects: Molecular chaperones.; Protein folding.; elektronické knihy; electronic books
• ISBN: 9789811037078; 9789811037061
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (vii, 249 pages) : illustrations (some color)

This book provides essential insights into improving protein folding/stability, which is a result of the balance between the intra-molecular interactions of protein functional groups and their interactions with the solvent environment. Even a subtle change in the composition of the solvent environme...

Table of Contents:

• About the Editors; 1: Osmolyte System and Its Biological Significance; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Production, Enhancement and Expression of Osmolytes; 1.2.1 Bacteria and Archaea; 1.2.2 Yeast; 1.2.3 Plants; 1.2.4 Marine Animals; 1.2.5 Mammals; 1.3 Mechanism of Interaction of Osmolytes with Proteins; 1.3.1 Role of Naturally Occurring Osmolytes in Destabilizing Proteins; 1.3.2 Role of Osmolytes in Maintaining Protein Homeostasis; 1.4 Role of Osmolytes in Protein Aggregation and Amyloidosis; 1.4.1 Mechanism of Aggregation; 1.4.2 Hypothesis.
• 1.5 Role of Osmolytes in Cellular Functions; 1.5.1 Role of Osmolytes in Maintenance of Cell Volume; 1.5.2 Cellular Functions of Osmolytes; 1.5.3 Protective Effect of Osmolytes on Metabolism; 1.5.4 Antioxidation; 1.5.5 Maintenance of Reduction and Oxidation Reactions and Protection Against Hypoxia; 1.5.6 Sulfide/Sulfate Detoxification; 1.5.7 Miscellaneous Roles of Osmolytes in Metabolism; 1.5.8 Stabilization and Counteraction; 1.5.9 Anhydrobiosis; 1.5.10 Freezing; 1.5.11 High Temperature; 1.5.12 Hydrostatic Pressure in the Deep Sea.
• 1.5.13 The "Yin and Yang" Theory of Cytoprotection; 1.6 Role of Osmolytes in Circumventing Stress; 1.6.1 Amaranthaceae; 1.6.2 Plumbaginaceae; 1.6.3 Plantaginaceae; 1.6.4 Aizoaceae; 1.6.5 Poaceae; 1.6.6 Brassicaceae; 1.6.7 Other Families; 1.6.8 Role of Osmolytes in Scavenging Hydroxyl Radicals; 1.7 Conclusion and Future Directions; References; 2: Protein-Osmolyte Interactions: Molecular Insights; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Organic Osmolytes Are Evolutionarily Restricted; 2.1.2 Osmolyte Can Induce Proper Protein Folding; 2.2 Forces Involved in Osmolyte-Induced Protein Folding.
• 2.2.1 Osmophobic Effect; 2.2.2 Molecular Crowding Effect; 2.2.3 Surface Tension Effect; 2.2.4 Preferential Hydration Effect; 2.2.5 Solvophobic Effect; 2.3 Models Used to Explain Osmolyte-Protein Interaction; 2.4 Summary and Perspectives; References; 3: Crosstalk Between Osmolytes and Cellular Chaperones: Examples in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Cellular Chaperones; 3.3 Chaperonins; 3.3.1 Hsp40; 3.3.2 GroEL-GroES (Hsp60-Hsp10); 3.3.3 Hsp70; 3.3.4 Hsp90; 3.3.5 Hsp100; 3.3.5.1 Small Heat Shock Proteins; 3.3.6 Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; 3.4 Osmolytes.
• 3.5 Osmolytes Synthesized in Yeast; 3.6 Cellular Stress Response Machinery; 3.6.1 Heat Shock Response; 3.6.1.1 Heat Shock Factor (Hsf); 3.6.1.2 Msn2/Msn4; 3.6.2 Unfolded Protein Response; 3.7 Crosstalk Between Chaperones and Osmolytes in Stressed Yeast; References; 4: Osmolytes Offset the Urea's Effect on Protein Structure and Function; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Molecular Mechanism of Counteraction Phenomenon; 4.3 Is Counteraction System Perfect?; 4.4 Methylamines Fail to Counter Urea's Effects on Some Proteins; 4.5 Factors Affecting 2:1 (Urea-Methylamine) Ratio.