http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
from neural origin to cognitive architecture
This book presents a new, detailed examination that explains how elegant brains have been shaped in evolution. It consists of 19 chapters written by academic professionals in neuroscience, opening with the origin of single-celled creatures and then introducing primordial types in invertebrates with the great abundance of the brains of vertebrates. Important topics are provided in a timely manner, because novel techniques emerged rapidly as seen, for examples, in the next-generation sequencers and omics approaches. With the explosion of big data, neural-related genes and molecules is now on the radar. In fact, Europe´s big science and technology projects, a 1 billion plan called the Human Brain Project and the Blue Brain Project to understand mammalian brain networks, have been launched in recent years. Furthermore, with the rise of recently advanced artificial intelligence, there is great enthusiasm for understanding the evolution of neural networks. The views from brain evolution in nature provide an essential opportunity to generate ideas for novel neuron- and brain-inspired computation. The ambition behind this book is that it will stimulate young scientists who seek a deeper understanding in order to find the basic principles shaping brains that provided higher cognitive functions in the course of evolution.
Preface; Contents; Part I The Origins of Neurons and Networks; 1 Physical Ethology of Unicellular Organisms; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Anticipatory and Recall Behaviour in Response to Periodic Stimulation in the Plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum; 1.2.1 Overview and Background; 1.2.2 Materials and Methods; 1.2.3 Results; 1.2.4 Discussion; 1.3 Electric Control of Behaviour in Paramecium; 1.3.1 Paramecium Model; 1.4 Comparative Remarks in Single-Celled Organisms and Higher Organisms; References; 2 Molecular Characteristics of Neuron-like Functions in Single-Cell Organisms.
2.1 What is a "Neuron-like" Function?2.2 Neuron-like Functions in Prokaryotes; 2.2.1 Swimming Behaviors in Bacteria; 2.2.2 Sensory and Motor Systems in Bacteria; 2.2.3 Exploring the CPU in E. coli; 2.2.4 Che Proteins Are Components of the CPU in E. coli; 2.2.5 Is the Bacterial CPU Common to Eukaryotes?; 2.3 Neuron-like Functions in Eukaryotes; 2.3.1 What Happens in Eukaryotic Single-Cell Organisms?; 2.3.2 Swimming Behaviors and Chemotaxis in Paramecium; 2.3.3 Regulation of Behaviors During Chemotaxis in Paramecia; 2.3.4 Sensory System and Motor Apparatus.
2.3.5 The Molecular Mechanisms Bridging Receptors and Cilia in Paramecium2.3.6 Memory and Learning in Ciliates; 2.3.7 Neurotransmitters and Hormones in Ciliates; 2.3.8 Serotonin Is Involved in Physiological Functions in Tetrahymena; 2.4 Are Neuron-like Functions in Single-Cell Organisms an Indication of Emotion or Mind?; References; 3 Back Through Time: How Cnidarians and Basal Metazoans Shed Light on Ancient Nervous Systems; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Neural Gene Repertoires in Basal Metazoans; 3.2.1 Poriferans; 3.2.2 Placozoans; 3.2.3 Ctenophores.
3.2.4 Protoneurons: An Ancestral Neurosecretory Cells?3.3 Cnidarian Nervous Systems; 3.3.1 Peptidergic Nervous Systems; 3.3.2 Classical Chemical Neurotransmitters; 3.3.3 Nonneural Functions of Classical Transmitters; 3.3.4 Electrical Synapses and Gap Junctions; 3.4 Anatomical and Physiological Features of the Cnidarian Nervous System; 3.4.1 Aboral Nervous Systems and Apical Sensory Organs; 3.4.2 Oral/Pharyngeal Nervous Systems; 3.5 Development of Cnidarian Nervous Systems; 3.6 Outlook; References; Part II The Rise of Diverse Brain Types.
4 Functional Specification of a Primitive Bilaterian Brain in Planarians4.1 What Is a Planarian?; 4.2 Structural and Cellular Aspects of the Planarian Brain; 4.3 Ongoing Search for Neural Stem Cells and Glial Cells in Planarians; 4.4 Neural Pathways in the Brain Regulating Behaviors in Planarians; 4.5 Higher Brain Function in Planarians; 4.6 Evolutionarily Early Binocular Visual System in Planarians; 4.7 Evolutionary Implications of ndk Function; 4.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References.
Shuichi Shigeno, Yasunori Murakami, Tadashi Nomura, editors.
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.