Well test design & analysis
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| Main Author | |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Tulsa, Okla. :
PennWell,
c2011.
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Full text |
| ISBN | 9781621980933 9781593702311 |
| Physical Description | 1 online zdroj (xxii, 1022, 37 p.) : ill. |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- Note continued: Case II Fundamental (constant-rate) active layer response
- Well test interpretation
- Murchison field
- Vertical Interference Testing
- Observation layer response
- Effect of wellbore storage
- Vertical Interference Testing Field Data
- CDType Curve
- Simulation of vertical interference tests
- Field examples
- Conclusions
- Shale Lens Model
- Notes
- ch. 11 Radial Composite Systems
- Radial Composite Systems
- Introduction
- Fundamental response
- Derivative type curves
- Build-up behavior
- Aquifer influx
- Gas block and liquid condensate dropout
- Unfavorable displacement situations
- Negative skin situation
- Geological setting for the radial composite model
- Formation damage as a radial composite
- Radial Composite with a Closed Outer Boundary
- Thermally Induced Fracturing (TIF)
- Introduction
- Rock mechanics of thermal fracturing
- Simplified model of equilibrium fracture half length
- -Interpretation of pressure injection and fall-off tests
- Step-rate test (SRT)
- Fall-off Tests in Water Injection Wells
- Effect of Saturation Profile
- Displacement theory
- Determination of mobility profiles
- Determination of flood front radius, rff
- Average pressure of inner region
- Fall-off Tests in Gas Injection Wells
- Notes
- ch. 12 Horizontal Wells
- Introduction
- Flow Regimes
- Vertical radial flow
- Effect of anisotropy
- Anisotropic parallel boundary solution
- Fractured well solution
- Horizontal pseudo-radial flow
- General Solution for a Horizontal Well
- Derivative type curve
- Acidized horizontal wells
- Strip source solution
- Evaluation of the Green's function solution
- Pseudo-radial flow regime skin factor
- Vertical lateral boundaries
- Analysis Methods Based on Specialist Plots
- Early time analysis
- infinite-acting radial flow
- Derivative analysis
- Hemiradial vertical flow
- Intermediate time analysis
- -linear flow regime
- Late time analysis
- horizontal pseudo-radial flow
- Build-up analysis
- Transient Deliverability
- Constant-pressure Boundary
- Layered Commingled Systems
- Theory of a near-horizontal well penetrating several layers
- Synthetic example
- Horizontal multilateral wells
- Effect of Lateral Boundaries
- Closed systems
- Dietz shape factors (CA)
- Highly Deviated (Slant) Wells
- Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells
- Sinusoidal Wells
- Radial Composite Behavior
- Notes
- ch. 13 Gas Well Testing
- Theory of Gas Well Testing
- Introduction
- Linearization of the radial flow equation for a real gas
- Constant-rate inner boundary condition
- Detection of depletion
- Analysis Methods
- Constant Rate Drawdown (CRD) analysis
- Gas well field units
- Constant rate buildup (CRB) analysis
- Real gas pseudo-time ta
- Wellbore Storage in Gas Wells
- Application of Agarwal pseudo-time transformation
- Very low permeability reservoirs
- -Determination of rate-dependent skin coefficient D
- Gas Reservoir Limit Testing
- Behavior of a closed gas reservoir
- Pseudo-time based on average pressure
- Reservoir limit test
- Variable (step) rate case
- Semi-steady-state gas well deliverability
- Simulated extended drawdown
- Analytic simulation option
- Step-rate Transient (SRT) Test
- Methodology and test objectives
- Variable rate drawdown (VRD) plot for gas wells
- Prediction of the SSS deliverability of development wells
- North Sea gas well test field example
- Design of Step-rate Tests
- Isochronal Testing and its Limitations
- Reserves Proven by a Gas Well Test
- Notes
- ch. 14 Automatic Model Matching
- Introduction
- Structure of fundamental (CSFR) pD functions or models
- Interpretation methodology
- Storage and interrogation of tabulated dimensionless responses
- Real-time Convolution
- Introduction
- Ideal wellbore storage and skin
- Nonideal wellbore storage
- -Time-dependent skin and wellbore storage coefficient
- Application to gas wells
- Automatic Matching
- Nonlinear regression
- Model selection
- Selection of data points
- Advantages and disadvantages of nonlinear regression
- Production Analysis: Prediction of Production Decline
- Transient deliverability
- Fractured well example
- Fetkovich approximation
- Semi-steady-state depletion
- Closed system pD functions
- Notes
- ch. 15 Two Cell Compartmentalized Systems
- Extended Drawdown Behavior
- Period of negligible support
- Time to reach total system semi-steady-state
- Dimensionless form of the material balance support
- Superposition of material balance effect in a closed system
- Late time drawdown derivative type curve
- Analysis methods on the Cartesian graph
- Extended Build-up Behavior
- Derivative diagnostic
- Exponential approach region
- Analysis of transient and semi-infinite-acting period
- Build-up analysis by desuperposition
- -Build-up derivative type curve
- Synthetic Example
- Total System Productivity Index
- Effect of a Poor Cement Bond
- Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Compartmentalization
- Field Examples
- Further Field Examples
- Katnook field
- Middle East carbonate
- Notes
- ch. 16 Well Test Design
- Introduction
- Background to test design
- Permeability estimate
- Review of seismic data
- Decision to Test or Not
- Objectives of the Test
- General objectives
- Skin cleanup
- Enhanced objectives
- Obtaining a permeability estimate
- Completion design
- Forecasting of development well deliverability
- Estimation of accessible hydrocarbon
- Tubing diameter selection
- Design Criteria
- Based on the depth of investigation
- Based on the duration of the wellbore storage effect
- Wireline shut-in tools (SITs)
- Based on the removal of tidal effects
- Low-permeability systems
- Incorporation of production logging
- Role of Simulation in Test Design
- -Application of a nodal analysis package
- Role of analytical well test simulation
- Gauge selection and location
- Permanent downhole gauges
- Special Considerations for Gas Wells
- Classification of gas reservoirs
- Step-rate test design
- Design calculations related to wellbore storage
- Role of analytical simulation
- Rate control
- Problem of well cleanup
- Turner critical velocity
- Example gas well test design
- Estimation of reserves
- First gas well field example
- Second gas well field example
- Fractured wells
- Limitation on test rate due to environmental considerations
- Wellhead temperature constraints
- Compositional simulation
- Extremely high permeability
- Testing of the completion
- Testing of gas condensate wells
- Modern DST Testing Systems
- Separator selection
- Multiphase flow measurement
- Fluid disposal
- Notes
- ch. 17 Multiphase Flow
- Introduction
- Linearization of the Continuity Equation
- -Steady-state two-phase pseudopressure
- Radius of drainage
- Pseudopressure integrals
- Diffusivity Equation in Terms Of Two-Phase Pseudopressure
- Two-phase compressibility and pseudotime
- Two-phase material balance
- Analytical Solutions to the Linearized System
- Case where the reservoir pressure is above the dew point
- Analytical solutions in terms of two-phase pseudopressure
- Comparison with numerical simulation results
- Gas condensate well test methodology
- Reservoir pressure below the dew point
- Generation with a Pressure-dependent Viscosity Compressibility Product
- Sampling in Gas Condensate Systems
- Theory of Perrine and Martin
- Steady-state pseudopressure for solution gas drive
- Transient flow in solution gas drive
- Semi-steady-state depletion
- Build-up analysis in solution gas drive
- Case Studies
- Arun field
- Cupiagua field
- North Rankine field
- Britannia field
- Non-Darcy Flow in Gas Condensate Well Tests
- -Raghavan et al. Field Examples
- Numerical Simulation of Gas Condensate Well Tests
- Barrios and Osorio studies
- Role of compositional modeling
- Notes
- ch.
- 18 Numerical Well Testing
- Numerical Techniques
- Introduction
- The finite element method
- Interaction of Geological Modeling and Well Test Interpretation
- Introduction
- Heriot-Watt fluvial reservoir project
- Geoskin concept
- Geological Object Framework
- Introduction
- Captain horizontal well
- Dual permeability with a horizontal well
- Nonintersecting fracture situations
- Shale lens problem
- Stacked channels
- Makassar Strait deepwater fields
- EPS derivative fingerprint library
- Multiple fault example
- Compartmentalized field example
- Conditional Simulation
- Interference Testing
- Introduction
- Dual permeability situations
- Vertical sealing faults with windows
- Conclusions
- Notes
- ch. 19 Layered Well Testing
- Introduction
- Direct measurement of layer pressures
- -Well testing objectives
- Integration of well test interpretation and core analysis
- Commingled systems with horizontal wells
- Multilayer Convolution Algorithm
- Prediction of layer flow rates for a specified wellbore pressure history
- Two-Layer Situations
- Transient crossflow during buildup
- Early shut-in time rate transient
- Two-layer case studies
- Unequal initial pressure
- Incremental layer workover case
- Transient step-rate test (TSRT)
- Partially Bounded System
- Constant total rate drawdown
- Regime 1 Both layers infinite-acting
- Regime 2 Depletion of the bounded layer 1
- Regime 4 Layer 2 producing alone
- Draw-down type curve
- Buildup
- Derivative diagnostics
- Three-layer Synthetic Problem
- Dual Profile Build-up Test (DPBT)
- Basic form of DPBT
- Reservoir monitoring and automatic matching
- DPBT with NGWFT dual packer complement
- Transient Step-Rate Test
- Communicating Layers
- Introduction
- -Pseudo-semi-steady-state (PSSS) crossflow model
- Embedded lens of high permeability
- Geoskin
- Finite element numerical modelling
- Crossflow index
- Braided fluvial systems
- Note continued: Development of crossflow modelling using partial productivity indices
- Design and simulation of workover treatments
- Synergistic Interpretation of Layered Well Tests
- Integration of core analysis data
- Effective flowing interval
- Upscaling core and log permeability data
- Natural fracturing
- Hydraulic Flow Units (HFUs)
- Introduction
- Fundamental theory
- Hydraulic unit zonation process
- Field examples from clastic reservoirs
- Permeability prediction from core and log data
- Siberian field example
- Alternative lumped parameter approach
- Distributed Pressure Surveys
- Notes
- ch. 20 Deconvolution in PTA
- Introduction
- Convolution of a Variable Rate Response
- Iseger Algorithm
- Numerical Laplace Transformation
- Step Rate Schedules
- Deconvolution of a Variable Rate Response
- Application of Deconvolution
- Determination of reservoir volume
- Further Simulated Test Problems
- Gas well testing
- Application to Wireline Formation Testing
- Mini-DST
- Depth of Investigation
- Real-time Deconvolution
- Permanent Downhole Gauge (PDG) Data
- Build-up Analysis
- Partial Datasets
- Synthetic deconvolution
- Two-Cell Compartmentalized Systems
- Gas Well Testing
- Shell field example
- Notes.