Fundamentals of industrial instrumentation

• Main Author: Barua, Alok (Author)
• Format: Electronic eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol [England] (Temple Circus, Temple Way, Bristol BS1 6HG, UK) : IOP Publishing, [2024]
• Edition: Second edition.
• Series: IOP ebooks. 2024 collection.
• Subjects: Engineering instruments.; Process control.; elektronické knihy; electronic books
• ISBN: 9780750337557; 9780750337540; 9780750337533; 9780750337564
• Physical Description: 1 online zdroj : ilustrace.

Table of Contents:

• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Introduction
• 1.2. Process instrumentation systems
• 1.3. Instrument characteristics
• 2. Dynamic characteristics
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Zero-order instruments
• 2.3. First-order instruments
• 2.4. Second-order systems
• 3. Strain, load, and torque measurement
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. The strain gauge
• 3.3. The load cell
• 3.4. The cantilever beam load cell
• 3.5. Torque measurement
• 4. Temperature sensors
• 4.1. Introduction
• 4.2. The thermistor
• 4.3. The thermocouple
• 4.4. The resistance thermometer
• 5. Displacement measurement
• 5.1. Introduction
• 5.2. The potentiometer
• 5.3. The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)
• 5.4. Capacitive transducers
• 6. Pressure sensors
• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. The Bourdon gauge
• 6.3. The bellows gauge
• 6.4. The diaphragm pressure transducer
• 6.5. Low-pressure measurement
• 7. Flowmeter
• 7.1. Introduction
• 7.2. Differential pressure flowmeters
• 7.3. The orifice meter
• 7.4. Flow nozzles, Dall tubes, and Venturi meters
• 7.5. The Pitot tube
• 7.6. The elbow meter
• 7.7. The rotameter
• 7.8. The weir
• 7.9. The variable reluctance tachogenerator
• 7.10. The turbine flowmeter
• 7.11. The electromagnetic flowmeter
• 7.12. The ultrasonic flowmeter
• 7.13. The hot-wire anemometer
• 8. The flapper nozzle system
• 8.1. Introduction
• 8.2. The application of the flapper nozzle as a displacement measuring device
• 8.3. Static sensitivity
• 8.4. The force balance differential pressure transmitter
• 8.5. A flapper nozzle with an air relay
• 8.6. The current-to-pressure (I-P) transducer
• 9. Signal conditioning circuits
• 9.1. Active filters
• 9.2. The single-amplifier filter
• 9.3. Negative feedback circuits
• 9.4. Inductor simulator
• 9.5. The low-pass filter
• 9.6. The high-pass filter
• 9.7. The band-pass filter
• 9.8. The state variable filter
• 9.9. The sample and hold circuit
• 9.10. The logarithmic amplifier
• 9.11. The antilogarithmic amplifier
• 9.12. The analog switch
• 9.13. Analog multiplexers and demultiplexers
• 10. Piezoelectric sensors
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. The piezoelectric phenomenon
• 10.3. Piezoelectric materials
• 10.4. Piezoelectric transducers
• 10.5. Measuring circuits
• 10.6. Piezoelectric accelerometers
• 10.7. Unimorphs
• 10.8. Bimorphs
• 10.9. Actuator stacks
• 10.10. Sandwich piezoelectric transducers
• 10.11. Pyroelectricity
• 10.12. Limitations of piezoelectric materials
• 11. Ultrasonic sensors
• 11.1. Introduction
• 11.2. Analysis
• 11.3. The equivalent circuit for the transmitter
• 11.4. The transmission of ultrasound
• 11.5. Measuring ultrasound
• 11.6. Special applications
• 12. The measurement of magnetic fields
• 12.1. The measurement of magnetic fields using search coils
• 12.2. The Hall effect
• 13. Optoelectronic sensors
• 13.1. Photoconductivity
• 13.2. Photocurrent
• 13.3. The semiconductor photodiode
• 13.4. The transmission of light in optical fibres
• 13.5. The components of an optical fibre system
• 13.6. Fibre optic sensors
• 14. The measurement of pH and viscosity
• 14.1. An introduction to pH
• 14.2. Why is pH measurement important?
• 14.3. The pH probe
• 14.4. The measurement of viscosity
• 15. Dissolved oxygen sensors
• 15.1. Introduction
• 15.2. Dissolved oxygen sensing
• 15.3. The operational principle of the polarographic electrode
• 15.4. The operational principle of the galvanic electrode
• 15.5. Limitations of the single-layer electrode model
• 15.6. Electrode design
• 15.7. Details of some commercially available DO2 sensors
• 15.8. Electrode metals
• 15.9. Electrolytes used in DO2 probes
• 15.10. The membrane
• 15.11. Signal conditioning circuits
• 15.12. General design considerations
• 15.13. Calibrating DO2 sensors
• 16. Gas chromatography
• 16.1. Introduction
• 16.2. Different methods of chromatography
• 16.3. The basics of chromatography
• 16.4. Liquid chromatography
• 17. Pollution measurement
• 17.1. Introduction
• 17.2. Sample collection
• 17.3. Aerosol contaminants
• 17.4. Gaseous contaminants
• 17.5. Carbon monoxide detection
• 17.6. NOx measurement
• 17.7. The sulfur dioxide analyzer
• 17.8. Ozone detection
• 17.9. The detection of hydrocarbons
• 17.10. The air quality index
• 17.11. Measurement and calculation of the air quality index
• 17.12. The meaning or interpretation of the air quality index reading
• 18. Smart sensors
• 18.1. Integrated, smart, and intelligent sensors
• 18.2. The logical function of an intelligent sensor
• 18.3. Integration of the signal processing unit
• 18.4. Self-calibrating microsensors
• 18.5. The self-testing of smart sensors
• 18.6. Multisensing
• 18.7. The outputs of smart sensors
• 18.8. Applications of smart sensors and their future trends
• 19. Artificial intelligence and its application to sensor selection
• 19.1. Introduction
• 19.2. Elements of an AI system
• 19.3. Expert systems
• 19.4. Languages used in AI programming
• 19.5. Knowledge bases
• 19.6. The inference engine
• 19.7. EXSENSEL : a case study
• 19.8. A sample rule
• 19.9. An example knowledge base
• 19.10. Amending programs
• 19.11. General information for sensor selection packages
• 19.12. Partial source code of EXSENSEL
• 20. Objective test questions I
• 21. Objective test questions II
• 22. Solutions to problems
• Appendix I. Tables for the orifice meter and the Venturi meter
• Appendix II. Thermocouple tables.